diff --git a/.bcachefs_revision b/.bcachefs_revision
index b1e0bf83..81c781d7 100644
--- a/.bcachefs_revision
+++ b/.bcachefs_revision
@@ -1 +1 @@
-ffad51ba45f8c0785bbb2e2903715d825a8eea9a
+8ffb42b3d09418642680d23401a7a71d6ff87e3a
diff --git a/libbcachefs/btree_gc.c b/libbcachefs/btree_gc.c
index cd901654..73b947a4 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
 
 	if (initial) {
 		BUG_ON(bch2_journal_seq_verify &&
-		       k->k->version.lo > journal_cur_seq(&c->journal));
+		       k->k->version.lo > atomic64_read(&c->journal.seq));
 
 		ret = bch2_check_fix_ptrs(c, btree_id, level, is_root, k);
 		if (ret)
diff --git a/libbcachefs/btree_update_interior.c b/libbcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
index 63832fb9..e2cf0f58 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
@@ -557,8 +557,6 @@ static void btree_update_nodes_written(struct btree_update *as)
 	if (ret)
 		goto err;
 
-	BUG_ON(!journal_pin_active(&as->journal));
-
 	/*
 	 * Wait for any in flight writes to finish before we free the old nodes
 	 * on disk:
@@ -1047,10 +1045,6 @@ bch2_btree_update_start(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path,
 		goto err;
 	}
 
-	bch2_journal_pin_add(&c->journal,
-			     atomic64_read(&c->journal.seq),
-			     &as->journal, NULL);
-
 	return as;
 err:
 	bch2_btree_update_free(as);
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal.c b/libbcachefs/journal.c
index 9cd1e11a..fb533ecc 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal.c
@@ -20,18 +20,9 @@
 
 #include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>
 
-static u64 last_unwritten_seq(struct journal *j)
-{
-	union journal_res_state s = READ_ONCE(j->reservations);
-
-	lockdep_assert_held(&j->lock);
-
-	return journal_cur_seq(j) - ((s.idx - s.unwritten_idx) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
-}
-
 static inline bool journal_seq_unwritten(struct journal *j, u64 seq)
 {
-	return seq >= last_unwritten_seq(j);
+	return seq > j->seq_ondisk;
 }
 
 static bool __journal_entry_is_open(union journal_res_state state)
@@ -39,6 +30,11 @@ static bool __journal_entry_is_open(union journal_res_state state)
 	return state.cur_entry_offset < JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL;
 }
 
+static inline unsigned nr_unwritten_journal_entries(struct journal *j)
+{
+	return atomic64_read(&j->seq) - j->seq_ondisk;
+}
+
 static bool journal_entry_is_open(struct journal *j)
 {
 	return __journal_entry_is_open(j->reservations);
@@ -50,8 +46,6 @@ journal_seq_to_buf(struct journal *j, u64 seq)
 	struct journal_buf *buf = NULL;
 
 	EBUG_ON(seq > journal_cur_seq(j));
-	EBUG_ON(seq == journal_cur_seq(j) &&
-		j->reservations.cur_entry_offset == JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL);
 
 	if (journal_seq_unwritten(j, seq)) {
 		buf = j->buf + (seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
@@ -69,54 +63,6 @@ static void journal_pin_list_init(struct journal_entry_pin_list *p, int count)
 	p->devs.nr = 0;
 }
 
-static void journal_pin_new_entry(struct journal *j)
-{
-	/*
-	 * The fifo_push() needs to happen at the same time as j->seq is
-	 * incremented for journal_last_seq() to be calculated correctly
-	 */
-	atomic64_inc(&j->seq);
-	journal_pin_list_init(fifo_push_ref(&j->pin), 1);
-}
-
-static void bch2_journal_buf_init(struct journal *j)
-{
-	struct journal_buf *buf = journal_cur_buf(j);
-
-	bkey_extent_init(&buf->key);
-	buf->noflush	= false;
-	buf->must_flush	= false;
-	buf->separate_flush = false;
-
-	memset(buf->data, 0, sizeof(*buf->data));
-	buf->data->seq	= cpu_to_le64(journal_cur_seq(j));
-	buf->data->u64s	= 0;
-}
-
-void bch2_journal_halt(struct journal *j)
-{
-	union journal_res_state old, new;
-	u64 v = atomic64_read(&j->reservations.counter);
-
-	do {
-		old.v = new.v = v;
-		if (old.cur_entry_offset == JOURNAL_ENTRY_ERROR_VAL)
-			return;
-
-		new.cur_entry_offset = JOURNAL_ENTRY_ERROR_VAL;
-	} while ((v = atomic64_cmpxchg(&j->reservations.counter,
-				       old.v, new.v)) != old.v);
-
-	/*
-	 * XXX: we're not using j->lock here because this can be called from
-	 * interrupt context, this can race with journal_write_done()
-	 */
-	if (!j->err_seq)
-		j->err_seq = journal_cur_seq(j);
-	journal_wake(j);
-	closure_wake_up(&journal_cur_buf(j)->wait);
-}
-
 /* journal entry close/open: */
 
 void __bch2_journal_buf_put(struct journal *j)
@@ -132,7 +78,7 @@ void __bch2_journal_buf_put(struct journal *j)
  * We don't close a journal_buf until the next journal_buf is finished writing,
  * and can be opened again - this also initializes the next journal_buf:
  */
-static bool __journal_entry_close(struct journal *j)
+static void __journal_entry_close(struct journal *j, unsigned closed_val)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
 	struct journal_buf *buf = journal_cur_buf(j);
@@ -140,34 +86,24 @@ static bool __journal_entry_close(struct journal *j)
 	u64 v = atomic64_read(&j->reservations.counter);
 	unsigned sectors;
 
+	BUG_ON(closed_val != JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL &&
+	       closed_val != JOURNAL_ENTRY_ERROR_VAL);
+
 	lockdep_assert_held(&j->lock);
 
 	do {
 		old.v = new.v = v;
-		if (old.cur_entry_offset == JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL)
-			return true;
+		new.cur_entry_offset = closed_val;
 
-		if (old.cur_entry_offset == JOURNAL_ENTRY_ERROR_VAL) {
-			/* this entry will never be written: */
-			closure_wake_up(&buf->wait);
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		if (!test_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags)) {
-			set_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags);
-			j->need_write_time = local_clock();
-		}
-
-		new.cur_entry_offset = JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL;
-		new.idx++;
-
-		if (new.idx == new.unwritten_idx)
-			return false;
-
-		BUG_ON(journal_state_count(new, new.idx));
+		if (old.cur_entry_offset == JOURNAL_ENTRY_ERROR_VAL ||
+		    old.cur_entry_offset == new.cur_entry_offset)
+			return;
 	} while ((v = atomic64_cmpxchg(&j->reservations.counter,
 				       old.v, new.v)) != old.v);
 
+	if (!__journal_entry_is_open(old))
+		return;
+
 	/* Close out old buffer: */
 	buf->data->u64s		= cpu_to_le32(old.cur_entry_offset);
 
@@ -197,36 +133,42 @@ static bool __journal_entry_close(struct journal *j)
 	 */
 	buf->last_seq		= journal_last_seq(j);
 	buf->data->last_seq	= cpu_to_le64(buf->last_seq);
+	BUG_ON(buf->last_seq > le64_to_cpu(buf->data->seq));
 
 	__bch2_journal_pin_put(j, le64_to_cpu(buf->data->seq));
 
-	/* Initialize new buffer: */
-	journal_pin_new_entry(j);
-
-	bch2_journal_buf_init(j);
-
 	cancel_delayed_work(&j->write_work);
-	clear_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags);
 
 	bch2_journal_space_available(j);
 
 	bch2_journal_buf_put(j, old.idx);
-	return true;
+}
+
+void bch2_journal_halt(struct journal *j)
+{
+	spin_lock(&j->lock);
+	__journal_entry_close(j, JOURNAL_ENTRY_ERROR_VAL);
+	if (!j->err_seq)
+		j->err_seq = journal_cur_seq(j);
+	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
 }
 
 static bool journal_entry_want_write(struct journal *j)
 {
-	union journal_res_state s = READ_ONCE(j->reservations);
-	bool ret = false;
+	bool ret = !journal_entry_is_open(j) ||
+		journal_cur_seq(j) == journal_last_unwritten_seq(j);
 
-	/*
-	 * Don't close it yet if we already have a write in flight, but do set
-	 * NEED_WRITE:
-	 */
-	if (s.idx != s.unwritten_idx)
-		set_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags);
-	else
-		ret = __journal_entry_close(j);
+	/* Don't close it yet if we already have a write in flight: */
+	if (ret)
+		__journal_entry_close(j, JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL);
+	else if (nr_unwritten_journal_entries(j)) {
+		struct journal_buf *buf = journal_cur_buf(j);
+
+		if (!buf->flush_time) {
+			buf->flush_time	= local_clock() ?: 1;
+			buf->expires = jiffies;
+		}
+	}
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -255,15 +197,15 @@ static bool journal_entry_close(struct journal *j)
 static int journal_entry_open(struct journal *j)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
-	struct journal_buf *buf = journal_cur_buf(j);
+	struct journal_buf *buf = j->buf +
+		((journal_cur_seq(j) + 1) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
 	union journal_res_state old, new;
 	int u64s;
 	u64 v;
 
-	BUG_ON(BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb));
-
 	lockdep_assert_held(&j->lock);
 	BUG_ON(journal_entry_is_open(j));
+	BUG_ON(BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb));
 
 	if (j->blocked)
 		return cur_entry_blocked;
@@ -271,19 +213,53 @@ static int journal_entry_open(struct journal *j)
 	if (j->cur_entry_error)
 		return j->cur_entry_error;
 
+	if (bch2_journal_error(j))
+		return cur_entry_insufficient_devices; /* -EROFS */
+
+	if (!fifo_free(&j->pin))
+		return cur_entry_journal_pin_full;
+
+	if (nr_unwritten_journal_entries(j) == ARRAY_SIZE(j->buf) - 1)
+		return cur_entry_max_in_flight;
+
 	BUG_ON(!j->cur_entry_sectors);
 
+	buf->expires		=
+		(journal_cur_seq(j) == j->flushed_seq_ondisk
+		 ? jiffies
+		 : j->last_flush_write) +
+		msecs_to_jiffies(c->opts.journal_flush_delay);
+
 	buf->u64s_reserved	= j->entry_u64s_reserved;
 	buf->disk_sectors	= j->cur_entry_sectors;
 	buf->sectors		= min(buf->disk_sectors, buf->buf_size >> 9);
 
 	u64s = (int) (buf->sectors << 9) / sizeof(u64) -
 		journal_entry_overhead(j);
-	u64s  = clamp_t(int, u64s, 0, JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL - 1);
+	u64s = clamp_t(int, u64s, 0, JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL - 1);
 
-	if (u64s <= le32_to_cpu(buf->data->u64s))
+	if (u64s <= 0)
 		return cur_entry_journal_full;
 
+	/*
+	 * The fifo_push() needs to happen at the same time as j->seq is
+	 * incremented for journal_last_seq() to be calculated correctly
+	 */
+	atomic64_inc(&j->seq);
+	journal_pin_list_init(fifo_push_ref(&j->pin), 1);
+
+	BUG_ON(j->buf + (journal_cur_seq(j) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK) != buf);
+
+	bkey_extent_init(&buf->key);
+	buf->noflush	= false;
+	buf->must_flush	= false;
+	buf->separate_flush = false;
+	buf->flush_time	= 0;
+
+	memset(buf->data, 0, sizeof(*buf->data));
+	buf->data->seq	= cpu_to_le64(journal_cur_seq(j));
+	buf->data->u64s	= 0;
+
 	/*
 	 * Must be set before marking the journal entry as open:
 	 */
@@ -293,14 +269,14 @@ static int journal_entry_open(struct journal *j)
 	do {
 		old.v = new.v = v;
 
-		if (old.cur_entry_offset == JOURNAL_ENTRY_ERROR_VAL)
-			return cur_entry_insufficient_devices;
+		BUG_ON(old.cur_entry_offset == JOURNAL_ENTRY_ERROR_VAL);
 
-		/* Handle any already added entries */
-		new.cur_entry_offset = le32_to_cpu(buf->data->u64s);
+		new.idx++;
+		BUG_ON(journal_state_count(new, new.idx));
+		BUG_ON(new.idx != (journal_cur_seq(j) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK));
 
-		EBUG_ON(journal_state_count(new, new.idx));
 		journal_state_inc(&new);
+		new.cur_entry_offset = 0;
 	} while ((v = atomic64_cmpxchg(&j->reservations.counter,
 				       old.v, new.v)) != old.v);
 
@@ -318,8 +294,7 @@ static int journal_entry_open(struct journal *j)
 
 static bool journal_quiesced(struct journal *j)
 {
-	union journal_res_state s = READ_ONCE(j->reservations);
-	bool ret = s.idx == s.unwritten_idx && !__journal_entry_is_open(s);
+	bool ret = atomic64_read(&j->seq) == j->seq_ondisk;
 
 	if (!ret)
 		journal_entry_close(j);
@@ -334,8 +309,19 @@ static void journal_quiesce(struct journal *j)
 static void journal_write_work(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	struct journal *j = container_of(work, struct journal, write_work.work);
+	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
+	struct journal_buf *buf;
+	long delta;
 
-	journal_entry_close(j);
+	spin_lock(&j->lock);
+	buf = journal_cur_buf(j);
+	delta = buf->expires - jiffies;
+
+	if (delta > 0)
+		mod_delayed_work(c->io_complete_wq, &j->write_work, delta);
+	else
+		__journal_entry_close(j, JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL);
+	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
 }
 
 static int __journal_res_get(struct journal *j, struct journal_res *res,
@@ -385,18 +371,11 @@ retry:
 	    buf->buf_size < JOURNAL_ENTRY_SIZE_MAX)
 		j->buf_size_want = max(j->buf_size_want, buf->buf_size << 1);
 
-	if (journal_entry_is_open(j) &&
-	    !__journal_entry_close(j)) {
-		/*
-		 * We failed to get a reservation on the current open journal
-		 * entry because it's full, and we can't close it because
-		 * there's still a previous one in flight:
-		 */
+	__journal_entry_close(j, JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL);
+	ret = journal_entry_open(j);
+
+	if (ret == cur_entry_max_in_flight)
 		trace_journal_entry_full(c);
-		ret = cur_entry_blocked;
-	} else {
-		ret = journal_entry_open(j);
-	}
 unlock:
 	if ((ret && ret != cur_entry_insufficient_devices) &&
 	    !j->res_get_blocked_start) {
@@ -413,7 +392,7 @@ unlock:
 	if ((ret == cur_entry_journal_full ||
 	     ret == cur_entry_journal_pin_full) &&
 	    !can_discard &&
-	    j->reservations.idx == j->reservations.unwritten_idx &&
+	    !nr_unwritten_journal_entries(j) &&
 	    (flags & JOURNAL_RES_GET_RESERVED)) {
 		struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
@@ -528,7 +507,7 @@ void bch2_journal_entry_res_resize(struct journal *j,
 		/*
 		 * Not enough room in current journal entry, have to flush it:
 		 */
-		__journal_entry_close(j);
+		__journal_entry_close(j, JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL);
 	} else {
 		journal_cur_buf(j)->u64s_reserved += d;
 	}
@@ -573,12 +552,15 @@ int bch2_journal_flush_seq_async(struct journal *j, u64 seq,
 	}
 
 	/* if seq was written, but not flushed - flush a newer one instead */
-	seq = max(seq, last_unwritten_seq(j));
+	seq = max(seq, journal_last_unwritten_seq(j));
 
 recheck_need_open:
-	if (seq == journal_cur_seq(j) && !journal_entry_is_open(j)) {
+	if (seq > journal_cur_seq(j)) {
 		struct journal_res res = { 0 };
 
+		if (journal_entry_is_open(j))
+			__journal_entry_close(j, JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL);
+
 		spin_unlock(&j->lock);
 
 		ret = bch2_journal_res_get(j, &res, jset_u64s(0), 0);
@@ -588,7 +570,11 @@ recheck_need_open:
 		seq = res.seq;
 		buf = j->buf + (seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
 		buf->must_flush = true;
-		set_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags);
+
+		if (!buf->flush_time) {
+			buf->flush_time	= local_clock() ?: 1;
+			buf->expires = jiffies;
+		}
 
 		if (parent && !closure_wait(&buf->wait, parent))
 			BUG();
@@ -654,7 +640,11 @@ int bch2_journal_meta(struct journal *j)
 
 	buf = j->buf + (res.seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
 	buf->must_flush = true;
-	set_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags);
+
+	if (!buf->flush_time) {
+		buf->flush_time	= local_clock() ?: 1;
+		buf->expires = jiffies;
+	}
 
 	bch2_journal_res_put(j, &res);
 
@@ -667,42 +657,12 @@ int bch2_journal_meta(struct journal *j)
  */
 void bch2_journal_flush_async(struct journal *j, struct closure *parent)
 {
-	u64 seq, journal_seq;
-
-	spin_lock(&j->lock);
-	journal_seq = journal_cur_seq(j);
-
-	if (journal_entry_is_open(j)) {
-		seq = journal_seq;
-	} else if (journal_seq) {
-		seq = journal_seq - 1;
-	} else {
-		spin_unlock(&j->lock);
-		return;
-	}
-	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
-
-	bch2_journal_flush_seq_async(j, seq, parent);
+	bch2_journal_flush_seq_async(j, atomic64_read(&j->seq), parent);
 }
 
 int bch2_journal_flush(struct journal *j)
 {
-	u64 seq, journal_seq;
-
-	spin_lock(&j->lock);
-	journal_seq = journal_cur_seq(j);
-
-	if (journal_entry_is_open(j)) {
-		seq = journal_seq;
-	} else if (journal_seq) {
-		seq = journal_seq - 1;
-	} else {
-		spin_unlock(&j->lock);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
-
-	return bch2_journal_flush_seq(j, seq);
+	return bch2_journal_flush_seq(j, atomic64_read(&j->seq));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -725,13 +685,13 @@ bool bch2_journal_noflush_seq(struct journal *j, u64 seq)
 	if (seq <= c->journal.flushed_seq_ondisk)
 		goto out;
 
-	for (unwritten_seq = last_unwritten_seq(j);
+	for (unwritten_seq = journal_last_unwritten_seq(j);
 	     unwritten_seq < seq;
 	     unwritten_seq++) {
 		struct journal_buf *buf = journal_seq_to_buf(j, unwritten_seq);
 
 		/* journal write is already in flight, and was a flush write: */
-		if (unwritten_seq == last_unwritten_seq(j) && !buf->noflush)
+		if (unwritten_seq == journal_last_unwritten_seq(j) && !buf->noflush)
 			goto out;
 
 		buf->noflush = true;
@@ -956,17 +916,16 @@ int bch2_dev_journal_alloc(struct bch_dev *ca)
 
 static bool bch2_journal_writing_to_device(struct journal *j, unsigned dev_idx)
 {
-	union journal_res_state state;
 	bool ret = false;
-	unsigned i;
+	u64 seq;
 
 	spin_lock(&j->lock);
-	state = READ_ONCE(j->reservations);
-	i = state.idx;
+	for (seq = journal_last_unwritten_seq(j);
+	     seq <= journal_cur_seq(j) && !ret;
+	     seq++) {
+		struct journal_buf *buf = journal_seq_to_buf(j, seq);
 
-	while (i != state.unwritten_idx) {
-		i = (i - 1) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK;
-		if (bch2_bkey_has_device(bkey_i_to_s_c(&j->buf[i].key), dev_idx))
+		if (bch2_bkey_has_device(bkey_i_to_s_c(&buf->key), dev_idx))
 			ret = true;
 	}
 	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
@@ -995,8 +954,7 @@ void bch2_fs_journal_stop(struct journal *j)
 
 	BUG_ON(!bch2_journal_error(j) &&
 	       test_bit(JOURNAL_REPLAY_DONE, &j->flags) &&
-	       (journal_entry_is_open(j) ||
-		j->last_empty_seq + 1 != journal_cur_seq(j)));
+	       j->last_empty_seq != journal_cur_seq(j));
 
 	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&j->write_work);
 	bch2_journal_reclaim_stop(j);
@@ -1029,6 +987,7 @@ int bch2_fs_journal_start(struct journal *j, u64 cur_seq,
 	j->replay_journal_seq_end = cur_seq;
 	j->last_seq_ondisk	= last_seq;
 	j->flushed_seq_ondisk	= cur_seq - 1;
+	j->seq_ondisk		= cur_seq - 1;
 	j->pin.front		= last_seq;
 	j->pin.back		= cur_seq;
 	atomic64_set(&j->seq, cur_seq - 1);
@@ -1066,11 +1025,8 @@ int bch2_fs_journal_start(struct journal *j, u64 cur_seq,
 	set_bit(JOURNAL_STARTED, &j->flags);
 	j->last_flush_write = jiffies;
 
-	journal_pin_new_entry(j);
-
 	j->reservations.idx = j->reservations.unwritten_idx = journal_cur_seq(j);
-
-	bch2_journal_buf_init(j);
+	j->reservations.unwritten_idx++;
 
 	c->last_bucket_seq_cleanup = journal_cur_seq(j);
 
@@ -1182,15 +1138,18 @@ void __bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
 	union journal_res_state s;
 	struct bch_dev *ca;
 	unsigned long now = jiffies;
+	u64 seq;
 	unsigned i;
 
 	out->atomic++;
+	out->tabstops[0] = 24;
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	s = READ_ONCE(j->reservations);
 
-	pr_buf(out, "active journal entries:\t%llu\n",	fifo_used(&j->pin));
+	pr_buf(out, "dirty journal entries:\t%llu\n",	fifo_used(&j->pin));
 	pr_buf(out, "seq:\t\t\t%llu\n",			journal_cur_seq(j));
+	pr_buf(out, "seq_ondisk:\t\t%llu\n",		j->seq_ondisk);
 	pr_buf(out, "last_seq:\t\t%llu\n",		journal_last_seq(j));
 	pr_buf(out, "last_seq_ondisk:\t%llu\n",		j->last_seq_ondisk);
 	pr_buf(out, "flushed_seq_ondisk:\t%llu\n",	j->flushed_seq_ondisk);
@@ -1209,30 +1168,49 @@ void __bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
 
 	switch (s.cur_entry_offset) {
 	case JOURNAL_ENTRY_ERROR_VAL:
-		pr_buf(out, "error\n");
+		pr_buf(out, "error");
 		break;
 	case JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL:
-		pr_buf(out, "closed\n");
+		pr_buf(out, "closed");
 		break;
 	default:
-		pr_buf(out, "%u/%u\n", s.cur_entry_offset, j->cur_entry_u64s);
+		pr_buf(out, "%u/%u", s.cur_entry_offset, j->cur_entry_u64s);
 		break;
 	}
 
-	pr_buf(out, "current entry:\t\tidx %u refcount %u\n", s.idx, journal_state_count(s, s.idx));
+	pr_newline(out);
 
-	i = s.idx;
-	while (i != s.unwritten_idx) {
-		i = (i - 1) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK;
+	for (seq = journal_cur_seq(j);
+	     seq >= journal_last_unwritten_seq(j);
+	     --seq) {
+		i = seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK;
 
-		pr_buf(out, "unwritten entry:\tidx %u refcount %u sectors %u\n",
-		       i, journal_state_count(s, i), j->buf[i].sectors);
+		pr_buf(out, "unwritten entry:");
+		pr_tab(out);
+		pr_buf(out, "%llu", seq);
+		pr_newline(out);
+		pr_indent_push(out, 2);
+
+		pr_buf(out, "refcount:");
+		pr_tab(out);
+		pr_buf(out, "%u", journal_state_count(s, i));
+		pr_newline(out);
+
+		pr_buf(out, "sectors:");
+		pr_tab(out);
+		pr_buf(out, "%u", j->buf[i].sectors);
+		pr_newline(out);
+
+		pr_buf(out, "expires");
+		pr_tab(out);
+		pr_buf(out, "%li jiffies", j->buf[i].expires - jiffies);
+		pr_newline(out);
+
+		pr_indent_pop(out, 2);
 	}
 
 	pr_buf(out,
-	       "need write:\t\t%i\n"
 	       "replay done:\t\t%i\n",
-	       test_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE,	&j->flags),
 	       test_bit(JOURNAL_REPLAY_DONE,	&j->flags));
 
 	pr_buf(out, "space:\n");
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal.h b/libbcachefs/journal.h
index 0a3fb8a0..1bb0e00d 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal.h
@@ -141,6 +141,11 @@ static inline u64 journal_cur_seq(struct journal *j)
 	return j->pin.back - 1;
 }
 
+static inline u64 journal_last_unwritten_seq(struct journal *j)
+{
+	return j->seq_ondisk + 1;
+}
+
 void bch2_journal_set_has_inum(struct journal *, u64, u64);
 
 static inline int journal_state_count(union journal_res_state s, int idx)
@@ -261,9 +266,6 @@ static inline void bch2_journal_buf_put(struct journal *j, unsigned idx)
 				    .buf3_count = idx == 3,
 				    }).v, &j->reservations.counter);
 
-	EBUG_ON(((s.idx - idx) & 3) >
-		((s.idx - s.unwritten_idx) & 3));
-
 	if (!journal_state_count(s, idx) && idx == s.unwritten_idx)
 		__bch2_journal_buf_put(j);
 }
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal_io.c b/libbcachefs/journal_io.c
index 4380ebf5..fb24ca21 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal_io.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal_io.c
@@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@ static void journal_buf_realloc(struct journal *j, struct journal_buf *buf)
 
 static inline struct journal_buf *journal_last_unwritten_buf(struct journal *j)
 {
-	return j->buf + j->reservations.unwritten_idx;
+	return j->buf + (journal_last_unwritten_seq(j) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
 }
 
 static void journal_write_done(struct closure *cl)
@@ -1369,8 +1369,6 @@ static void journal_write_done(struct closure *cl)
 		journal_seq_pin(j, seq)->devs = w->devs_written;
 
 	if (!err) {
-		j->seq_ondisk		= seq;
-
 		if (!JSET_NO_FLUSH(w->data)) {
 			j->flushed_seq_ondisk = seq;
 			j->last_seq_ondisk = w->last_seq;
@@ -1378,6 +1376,8 @@ static void journal_write_done(struct closure *cl)
 	} else if (!j->err_seq || seq < j->err_seq)
 		j->err_seq	= seq;
 
+	j->seq_ondisk		= seq;
+
 	/*
 	 * Updating last_seq_ondisk may let bch2_journal_reclaim_work() discard
 	 * more buckets:
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ static void journal_write_done(struct closure *cl)
 	v = atomic64_read(&j->reservations.counter);
 	do {
 		old.v = new.v = v;
-		BUG_ON(new.idx == new.unwritten_idx);
+		BUG_ON(journal_state_count(new, new.unwritten_idx));
 
 		new.unwritten_idx++;
 	} while ((v = atomic64_cmpxchg(&j->reservations.counter,
@@ -1404,13 +1404,24 @@ static void journal_write_done(struct closure *cl)
 	closure_wake_up(&w->wait);
 	journal_wake(j);
 
-	if (test_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags))
-		mod_delayed_work(c->io_complete_wq, &j->write_work, 0);
-	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
-
-	if (new.unwritten_idx != new.idx &&
-	    !journal_state_count(new, new.unwritten_idx))
+	if (!journal_state_count(new, new.unwritten_idx) &&
+	    journal_last_unwritten_seq(j) <= journal_cur_seq(j)) {
 		closure_call(&j->io, bch2_journal_write, c->io_complete_wq, NULL);
+	} else if (journal_last_unwritten_seq(j) == journal_cur_seq(j) &&
+		   new.cur_entry_offset < JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL) {
+		struct journal_buf *buf = journal_cur_buf(j);
+		long delta = buf->expires - jiffies;
+
+		/*
+		 * We don't close a journal entry to write it while there's
+		 * previous entries still in flight - the current journal entry
+		 * might want to be written now:
+		 */
+
+		mod_delayed_work(c->io_complete_wq, &j->write_work, max(0L, delta));
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
 }
 
 static void journal_write_endio(struct bio *bio)
@@ -1505,11 +1516,11 @@ void bch2_journal_write(struct closure *cl)
 	j->write_start_time = local_clock();
 
 	spin_lock(&j->lock);
-	if (c->sb.features & (1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_journal_no_flush) &&
-	    (w->noflush ||
-	     (!w->must_flush &&
-	      (jiffies - j->last_flush_write) < msecs_to_jiffies(c->opts.journal_flush_delay) &&
-	      test_bit(JOURNAL_MAY_SKIP_FLUSH, &j->flags)))) {
+	if (bch2_journal_error(j) ||
+	    w->noflush ||
+	    (!w->must_flush &&
+	     (jiffies - j->last_flush_write) < msecs_to_jiffies(c->opts.journal_flush_delay) &&
+	     test_bit(JOURNAL_MAY_SKIP_FLUSH, &j->flags))) {
 		w->noflush = true;
 		SET_JSET_NO_FLUSH(jset, true);
 		jset->last_seq	= 0;
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.c b/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.c
index 3dca50f7..ec565edb 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.c
@@ -59,25 +59,13 @@ static void journal_set_remaining(struct journal *j, unsigned u64s_remaining)
 				       old.v, new.v)) != old.v);
 }
 
-static inline unsigned get_unwritten_sectors(struct journal *j, unsigned *idx)
-{
-	unsigned sectors = 0;
-
-	while (!sectors && *idx != j->reservations.idx) {
-		sectors = j->buf[*idx].sectors;
-
-		*idx = (*idx + 1) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK;
-	}
-
-	return sectors;
-}
-
 static struct journal_space
 journal_dev_space_available(struct journal *j, struct bch_dev *ca,
 			    enum journal_space_from from)
 {
 	struct journal_device *ja = &ca->journal;
-	unsigned sectors, buckets, unwritten, idx = j->reservations.unwritten_idx;
+	unsigned sectors, buckets, unwritten;
+	u64 seq;
 
 	if (from == journal_space_total)
 		return (struct journal_space) {
@@ -92,7 +80,14 @@ journal_dev_space_available(struct journal *j, struct bch_dev *ca,
 	 * We that we don't allocate the space for a journal entry
 	 * until we write it out - thus, account for it here:
 	 */
-	while ((unwritten = get_unwritten_sectors(j, &idx))) {
+	for (seq = journal_last_unwritten_seq(j);
+	     seq <= journal_cur_seq(j);
+	     seq++) {
+		unwritten = j->buf[seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK].sectors;
+
+		if (!unwritten)
+			continue;
+
 		/* entry won't fit on this device, skip: */
 		if (unwritten > ca->mi.bucket_size)
 			continue;
@@ -214,8 +209,7 @@ void bch2_journal_space_available(struct journal *j)
 	total		= j->space[journal_space_total].total;
 
 	if (!clean_ondisk &&
-	    j->reservations.idx ==
-	    j->reservations.unwritten_idx) {
+	    journal_cur_seq(j) == j->seq_ondisk) {
 		struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
 		__bch2_journal_debug_to_text(&buf, j);
@@ -226,8 +220,6 @@ void bch2_journal_space_available(struct journal *j)
 		ret = cur_entry_journal_stuck;
 	} else if (!j->space[journal_space_discarded].next_entry)
 		ret = cur_entry_journal_full;
-	else if (!fifo_free(&j->pin))
-		ret = cur_entry_journal_pin_full;
 
 	if ((j->space[journal_space_clean_ondisk].next_entry <
 	     j->space[journal_space_clean_ondisk].total) &&
@@ -369,9 +361,6 @@ static inline void __journal_pin_drop(struct journal *j,
 	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&pin_list->count) &&
 	    pin_list == &fifo_peek_front(&j->pin))
 		bch2_journal_reclaim_fast(j);
-	else if (fifo_used(&j->pin) == 1 &&
-		 atomic_read(&pin_list->count) == 1)
-		journal_wake(j);
 }
 
 void bch2_journal_pin_drop(struct journal *j,
@@ -772,8 +761,7 @@ static int journal_flush_done(struct journal *j, u64 seq_to_flush,
 	 */
 	ret = !test_bit(JOURNAL_REPLAY_DONE, &j->flags) ||
 		journal_last_seq(j) > seq_to_flush ||
-		(fifo_used(&j->pin) == 1 &&
-		 atomic_read(&fifo_peek_front(&j->pin).count) == 1);
+		!fifo_used(&j->pin);
 
 	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
 	mutex_unlock(&j->reclaim_lock);
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal_types.h b/libbcachefs/journal_types.h
index cd66b738..6fd45819 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal_types.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal_types.h
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ struct journal_buf {
 
 	struct closure_waitlist	wait;
 	u64			last_seq;	/* copy of data->last_seq */
+	long			expires;
+	u64			flush_time;
 
 	unsigned		buf_size;	/* size in bytes of @data */
 	unsigned		sectors;	/* maximum size for current entry */
@@ -139,16 +141,9 @@ enum journal_space_from {
 	journal_space_nr,
 };
 
-/*
- * JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE - current (pending) journal entry should be written ASAP,
- * either because something's waiting on the write to complete or because it's
- * been dirty too long and the timer's expired.
- */
-
 enum {
 	JOURNAL_REPLAY_DONE,
 	JOURNAL_STARTED,
-	JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE,
 	JOURNAL_MAY_GET_UNRESERVED,
 	JOURNAL_MAY_SKIP_FLUSH,
 };
@@ -172,6 +167,7 @@ struct journal {
 	enum {
 		cur_entry_ok,
 		cur_entry_blocked,
+		cur_entry_max_in_flight,
 		cur_entry_journal_full,
 		cur_entry_journal_pin_full,
 		cur_entry_journal_stuck,
@@ -263,7 +259,6 @@ struct journal {
 	unsigned long		last_flush_write;
 
 	u64			res_get_blocked_start;
-	u64			need_write_time;
 	u64			write_start_time;
 
 	u64			nr_flush_writes;
diff --git a/libbcachefs/super-io.c b/libbcachefs/super-io.c
index 8580b6fd..1a70adae 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/super-io.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/super-io.c
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@ void bch2_fs_mark_clean(struct bch_fs *c)
 	}
 
 	sb_clean->flags		= 0;
-	sb_clean->journal_seq	= cpu_to_le64(journal_cur_seq(&c->journal) - 1);
+	sb_clean->journal_seq	= cpu_to_le64(atomic64_read(&c->journal.seq));
 
 	/* Trying to catch outstanding bug: */
 	BUG_ON(le64_to_cpu(sb_clean->journal_seq) > S64_MAX);