diff --git a/.bcachefs_revision b/.bcachefs_revision
index 8f42b139..2cf80311 100644
--- a/.bcachefs_revision
+++ b/.bcachefs_revision
@@ -1 +1 @@
-00104032654027a8f4406a82d28911b243f19d94
+e1d0fb8c5fbc70df1007ebf5d9ab03018dc05275
diff --git a/include/linux/list.h b/include/linux/list.h
index 4a317090..3639dc99 100644
--- a/include/linux/list.h
+++ b/include/linux/list.h
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #define list_for_each_entry(p, h, m)	cds_list_for_each_entry(p, h, m)
 #define list_for_each_entry_reverse(p, h, m) cds_list_for_each_entry_reverse(p, h, m)
 #define list_for_each_entry_safe(p, n, h, m) cds_list_for_each_entry_safe(p, n, h, m)
-#define list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(p, n, h, m) cds_list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(p, n, h, m)
 
 static inline int list_empty_careful(const struct list_head *head)
 {
@@ -54,6 +53,15 @@ static inline void list_splice_init(struct list_head *list,
 #define list_first_entry_or_null(ptr, type, member) \
 	(!list_empty(ptr) ? list_first_entry(ptr, type, member) : NULL)
 
+#define list_prev_entry(pos, member) \
+	list_entry((pos)->member.prev, typeof(*(pos)), member)
+
+#define list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(pos, n, head, member)		\
+	for (pos = list_last_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member),		\
+		n = list_prev_entry(pos, member);			\
+	     &pos->member != (head); 					\
+	     pos = n, n = list_prev_entry(n, member))
+
 /* hlists: */
 
 #include <urcu/hlist.h>
diff --git a/libbcachefs/bcachefs.h b/libbcachefs/bcachefs.h
index 6d54defc..eb5b4080 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/bcachefs.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/bcachefs.h
@@ -214,9 +214,11 @@
 	 dynamic_fault("bcachefs:meta:write:" name)
 
 #ifdef __KERNEL__
-#define bch2_fmt(_c, fmt)	"bcachefs (%s): " fmt "\n", ((_c)->name)
+#define bch2_fmt(_c, fmt)		"bcachefs (%s): " fmt "\n", ((_c)->name)
+#define bch2_fmt_inum(_c, _inum, fmt)	"bcachefs (%s inum %llu): " fmt "\n", ((_c)->name), (_inum)
 #else
-#define bch2_fmt(_c, fmt)	fmt "\n"
+#define bch2_fmt(_c, fmt)		fmt "\n"
+#define bch2_fmt_inum(_c, _inum, fmt)	"inum %llu: " fmt "\n", (_inum)
 #endif
 
 #define bch_info(c, fmt, ...) \
@@ -229,8 +231,11 @@
 	printk_ratelimited(KERN_WARNING bch2_fmt(c, fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #define bch_err(c, fmt, ...) \
 	printk(KERN_ERR bch2_fmt(c, fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
 #define bch_err_ratelimited(c, fmt, ...) \
 	printk_ratelimited(KERN_ERR bch2_fmt(c, fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define bch_err_inum_ratelimited(c, _inum, fmt, ...) \
+	printk_ratelimited(KERN_ERR bch2_fmt_inum(c, _inum, fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #define bch_verbose(c, fmt, ...)					\
 do {									\
@@ -668,6 +673,7 @@ struct bch_fs {
 	unsigned		bucket_size_max;
 
 	atomic64_t		sectors_available;
+	struct mutex		sectors_available_lock;
 
 	struct bch_fs_pcpu __percpu	*pcpu;
 
@@ -675,7 +681,7 @@ struct bch_fs {
 
 	seqcount_t			usage_lock;
 	struct bch_fs_usage		*usage_base;
-	struct bch_fs_usage __percpu	*usage[2];
+	struct bch_fs_usage __percpu	*usage[JOURNAL_BUF_NR];
 	struct bch_fs_usage __percpu	*usage_gc;
 
 	/* single element mempool: */
diff --git a/libbcachefs/bcachefs_format.h b/libbcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
index 94b54185..02a76c3d 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
@@ -1332,14 +1332,16 @@ LE64_BITMASK(BCH_SB_ERASURE_CODE,	struct bch_sb, flags[3],  0, 16);
 	x(extents_above_btree_updates,	12)	\
 	x(btree_updates_journalled,	13)	\
 	x(reflink_inline_data,		14)	\
-	x(new_varint,			15)
+	x(new_varint,			15)	\
+	x(journal_no_flush,		16)
 
 #define BCH_SB_FEATURES_ALL				\
 	((1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_new_siphash)|		\
 	 (1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_new_extent_overwrite)|	\
 	 (1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_btree_ptr_v2)|		\
 	 (1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_extents_above_btree_updates)|\
-	 (1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_new_varint))\
+	 (1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_new_varint)|		\
+	 (1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_journal_no_flush))
 
 enum bch_sb_feature {
 #define x(f, n) BCH_FEATURE_##f,
@@ -1575,6 +1577,7 @@ struct jset {
 
 LE32_BITMASK(JSET_CSUM_TYPE,	struct jset, flags, 0, 4);
 LE32_BITMASK(JSET_BIG_ENDIAN,	struct jset, flags, 4, 5);
+LE32_BITMASK(JSET_NO_FLUSH,	struct jset, flags, 5, 6);
 
 #define BCH_JOURNAL_BUCKETS_MIN		8
 
diff --git a/libbcachefs/btree_gc.c b/libbcachefs/btree_gc.c
index ac81c9b9..6268ea63 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -603,7 +603,6 @@ static int bch2_gc_done(struct bch_fs *c,
 		struct genradix_iter dst_iter = genradix_iter_init(&c->stripes[0], 0);
 		struct genradix_iter src_iter = genradix_iter_init(&c->stripes[1], 0);
 		struct stripe *dst, *src;
-		unsigned i;
 
 		c->ec_stripes_heap.used = 0;
 
@@ -651,8 +650,8 @@ static int bch2_gc_done(struct bch_fs *c,
 		}
 	};
 
-	bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, 0);
-	bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, 1);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(c->usage); i++)
+		bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, i);
 
 	bch2_dev_usage_from_buckets(c);
 
diff --git a/libbcachefs/btree_io.c b/libbcachefs/btree_io.c
index 2406745f..9b19432a 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/btree_io.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/btree_io.c
@@ -597,18 +597,25 @@ void bch2_btree_init_next(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 		bch2_btree_iter_reinit_node(iter, b);
 }
 
+static void btree_pos_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
+			  struct btree *b)
+{
+	pr_buf(out, "%s level %u/%u\n  ",
+	       bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id],
+	       b->c.level,
+	       c->btree_roots[b->c.btree_id].level);
+	bch2_bkey_val_to_text(out, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key));
+}
+
 static void btree_err_msg(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
 			  struct btree *b, struct bset *i,
 			  unsigned offset, int write)
 {
-	pr_buf(out, "error validating btree node %sat btree %u level %u/%u\n"
-	       "pos ",
-	       write ? "before write " : "",
-	       b->c.btree_id, b->c.level,
-	       c->btree_roots[b->c.btree_id].level);
-	bch2_bkey_val_to_text(out, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key));
+	pr_buf(out, "error validating btree node %sat btree ",
+	       write ? "before write " : "");
+	btree_pos_to_text(out, c, b);
 
-	pr_buf(out, " node offset %u", b->written);
+	pr_buf(out, "\n  node offset %u", b->written);
 	if (i)
 		pr_buf(out, " bset u64s %u", le16_to_cpu(i->u64s));
 }
@@ -1104,6 +1111,8 @@ static void btree_node_read_work(struct work_struct *work)
 	struct btree *b		= rb->bio.bi_private;
 	struct bio *bio		= &rb->bio;
 	struct bch_io_failures failed = { .nr = 0 };
+	char buf[200];
+	struct printbuf out;
 	bool can_retry;
 
 	goto start;
@@ -1123,8 +1132,10 @@ static void btree_node_read_work(struct work_struct *work)
 			bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_REMOVED;
 		}
 start:
-		bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "btree read: %s",
-				   bch2_blk_status_to_str(bio->bi_status));
+		out = PBUF(buf);
+		btree_pos_to_text(&out, c, b);
+		bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "btree read error %s for %s",
+				   bch2_blk_status_to_str(bio->bi_status), buf);
 		if (rb->have_ioref)
 			percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
 		rb->have_ioref = false;
@@ -1408,7 +1419,7 @@ static void btree_node_write_endio(struct bio *bio)
 	if (wbio->have_ioref)
 		bch2_latency_acct(ca, wbio->submit_time, WRITE);
 
-	if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "btree write: %s",
+	if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "btree write error: %s",
 			       bch2_blk_status_to_str(bio->bi_status)) ||
 	    bch2_meta_write_fault("btree")) {
 		spin_lock_irqsave(&c->btree_write_error_lock, flags);
@@ -1488,6 +1499,9 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 		if (!btree_node_may_write(b))
 			return;
 
+		if (old & (1 << BTREE_NODE_never_write))
+			return;
+
 		if (old & (1 << BTREE_NODE_write_in_flight)) {
 			btree_node_wait_on_io(b);
 			continue;
@@ -1534,6 +1548,8 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 		seq = max(seq, le64_to_cpu(i->journal_seq));
 	}
 
+	BUG_ON(b->written && !seq);
+
 	/* bch2_varint_decode may read up to 7 bytes past the end of the buffer: */
 	bytes += 8;
 
diff --git a/libbcachefs/btree_types.h b/libbcachefs/btree_types.h
index 15af60e9..dc7de271 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/btree_types.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/btree_types.h
@@ -415,6 +415,7 @@ enum btree_flags {
 	BTREE_NODE_fake,
 	BTREE_NODE_old_extent_overwrite,
 	BTREE_NODE_need_rewrite,
+	BTREE_NODE_never_write,
 };
 
 BTREE_FLAG(read_in_flight);
@@ -429,6 +430,7 @@ BTREE_FLAG(dying);
 BTREE_FLAG(fake);
 BTREE_FLAG(old_extent_overwrite);
 BTREE_FLAG(need_rewrite);
+BTREE_FLAG(never_write);
 
 static inline struct btree_write *btree_current_write(struct btree *b)
 {
diff --git a/libbcachefs/btree_update_interior.c b/libbcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
index edc11c22..4a169d36 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
@@ -603,17 +603,30 @@ err:
 
 		list_del(&as->write_blocked_list);
 
-		if (!ret && as->b == b) {
+		/*
+		 * Node might have been freed, recheck under
+		 * btree_interior_update_lock:
+		 */
+		if (as->b == b) {
 			struct bset *i = btree_bset_last(b);
 
 			BUG_ON(!b->c.level);
 			BUG_ON(!btree_node_dirty(b));
 
-			i->journal_seq = cpu_to_le64(
-				max(journal_seq,
-				    le64_to_cpu(i->journal_seq)));
+			if (!ret) {
+				i->journal_seq = cpu_to_le64(
+					max(journal_seq,
+					    le64_to_cpu(i->journal_seq)));
 
-			bch2_btree_add_journal_pin(c, b, journal_seq);
+				bch2_btree_add_journal_pin(c, b, journal_seq);
+			} else {
+				/*
+				 * If we didn't get a journal sequence number we
+				 * can't write this btree node, because recovery
+				 * won't know to ignore this write:
+				 */
+				set_btree_node_never_write(b);
+			}
 		}
 
 		mutex_unlock(&c->btree_interior_update_lock);
diff --git a/libbcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c b/libbcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c
index 49685523..e7816afe 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c
@@ -649,13 +649,13 @@ int bch2_trans_commit_error(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	case BTREE_INSERT_NEED_JOURNAL_RECLAIM:
 		bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
 
-		while (bch2_btree_key_cache_must_wait(c)) {
+		do {
 			mutex_lock(&c->journal.reclaim_lock);
-			bch2_journal_reclaim(&c->journal);
+			ret = bch2_journal_reclaim(&c->journal);
 			mutex_unlock(&c->journal.reclaim_lock);
-		}
+		} while (!ret && bch2_btree_key_cache_must_wait(c));
 
-		if (bch2_trans_relock(trans))
+		if (!ret && bch2_trans_relock(trans))
 			return 0;
 
 		trace_trans_restart_journal_reclaim(trans->ip);
diff --git a/libbcachefs/buckets.c b/libbcachefs/buckets.c
index 1b1200c5..0000fc76 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/buckets.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/buckets.c
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ void bch2_fs_usage_initialize(struct bch_fs *c)
 	percpu_down_write(&c->mark_lock);
 	usage = c->usage_base;
 
-	bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, 0);
-	bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, 1);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(c->usage); i++)
+		bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, i);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < BCH_REPLICAS_MAX; i++)
 		usage->reserved += usage->persistent_reserved[i];
@@ -207,13 +207,13 @@ static inline struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage_ptr(struct bch_fs *c,
 {
 	return this_cpu_ptr(gc
 			    ? c->usage_gc
-			    : c->usage[journal_seq & 1]);
+			    : c->usage[journal_seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK]);
 }
 
 u64 bch2_fs_usage_read_one(struct bch_fs *c, u64 *v)
 {
 	ssize_t offset = v - (u64 *) c->usage_base;
-	unsigned seq;
+	unsigned i, seq;
 	u64 ret;
 
 	BUG_ON(offset < 0 || offset >= fs_usage_u64s(c));
@@ -221,9 +221,10 @@ u64 bch2_fs_usage_read_one(struct bch_fs *c, u64 *v)
 
 	do {
 		seq = read_seqcount_begin(&c->usage_lock);
-		ret = *v +
-			percpu_u64_get((u64 __percpu *) c->usage[0] + offset) +
-			percpu_u64_get((u64 __percpu *) c->usage[1] + offset);
+		ret = *v;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(c->usage); i++)
+			ret += percpu_u64_get((u64 __percpu *) c->usage[i] + offset);
 	} while (read_seqcount_retry(&c->usage_lock, seq));
 
 	return ret;
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ u64 bch2_fs_usage_read_one(struct bch_fs *c, u64 *v)
 struct bch_fs_usage *bch2_fs_usage_read(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
 	struct bch_fs_usage *ret;
-	unsigned seq, v, u64s = fs_usage_u64s(c);
+	unsigned seq, i, v, u64s = fs_usage_u64s(c);
 retry:
 	ret = kmalloc(u64s * sizeof(u64), GFP_NOFS);
 	if (unlikely(!ret))
@@ -251,8 +252,8 @@ retry:
 	do {
 		seq = read_seqcount_begin(&c->usage_lock);
 		memcpy(ret, c->usage_base, u64s * sizeof(u64));
-		acc_u64s_percpu((u64 *) ret, (u64 __percpu *) c->usage[0], u64s);
-		acc_u64s_percpu((u64 *) ret, (u64 __percpu *) c->usage[1], u64s);
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(c->usage); i++)
+			acc_u64s_percpu((u64 *) ret, (u64 __percpu *) c->usage[i], u64s);
 	} while (read_seqcount_retry(&c->usage_lock, seq));
 
 	return ret;
@@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ void bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned idx)
 {
 	unsigned u64s = fs_usage_u64s(c);
 
-	BUG_ON(idx >= 2);
+	BUG_ON(idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(c->usage));
 
 	preempt_disable();
 	write_seqcount_begin(&c->usage_lock);
@@ -2031,13 +2032,6 @@ int bch2_trans_mark_update(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 /* Disk reservations: */
 
-static u64 bch2_recalc_sectors_available(struct bch_fs *c)
-{
-	percpu_u64_set(&c->pcpu->sectors_available, 0);
-
-	return avail_factor(__bch2_fs_usage_read_short(c).free);
-}
-
 void __bch2_disk_reservation_put(struct bch_fs *c, struct disk_reservation *res)
 {
 	percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
@@ -2072,7 +2066,6 @@ int bch2_disk_reservation_add(struct bch_fs *c, struct disk_reservation *res,
 
 		if (get < sectors) {
 			preempt_enable();
-			percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 			goto recalculate;
 		}
 	} while ((v = atomic64_cmpxchg(&c->sectors_available,
@@ -2090,9 +2083,10 @@ out:
 	return 0;
 
 recalculate:
-	percpu_down_write(&c->mark_lock);
+	mutex_lock(&c->sectors_available_lock);
 
-	sectors_available = bch2_recalc_sectors_available(c);
+	percpu_u64_set(&c->pcpu->sectors_available, 0);
+	sectors_available = avail_factor(__bch2_fs_usage_read_short(c).free);
 
 	if (sectors <= sectors_available ||
 	    (flags & BCH_DISK_RESERVATION_NOFAIL)) {
@@ -2106,7 +2100,8 @@ recalculate:
 		ret = -ENOSPC;
 	}
 
-	percpu_up_write(&c->mark_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&c->sectors_available_lock);
+	percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/libbcachefs/ec.c b/libbcachefs/ec.c
index d7ba0e7f..c409a426 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/ec.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/ec.c
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ static void ec_validate_checksums(struct bch_fs *c, struct ec_stripe_buf *buf)
 					     len << 9);
 
 			if (memcmp(stripe_csum(v, i, j), &csum, csum_bytes)) {
-				__bcache_io_error(c,
+				bch_err_ratelimited(c,
 					"checksum error while doing reconstruct read (%u:%u)",
 					i, j);
 				clear_bit(i, buf->valid);
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ static int ec_do_recov(struct bch_fs *c, struct ec_stripe_buf *buf)
 	unsigned bytes = buf->size << 9;
 
 	if (ec_nr_failed(buf) > v->nr_redundant) {
-		__bcache_io_error(c,
+		bch_err_ratelimited(c,
 			"error doing reconstruct read: unable to read enough blocks");
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ static void ec_block_endio(struct bio *bio)
 	struct bch_dev *ca = ec_bio->ca;
 	struct closure *cl = bio->bi_private;
 
-	if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "erasure coding %s: %s",
+	if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "erasure coding %s error: %s",
 			       bio_data_dir(bio) ? "write" : "read",
 			       bch2_blk_status_to_str(bio->bi_status)))
 		clear_bit(ec_bio->idx, ec_bio->buf->valid);
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ int bch2_ec_read_extent(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio)
 				   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
 	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
 	if (bkey_err(k) || k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_stripe) {
-		__bcache_io_error(c,
+		bch_err_ratelimited(c,
 			"error doing reconstruct read: stripe not found");
 		kfree(buf);
 		return bch2_trans_exit(&trans) ?: -EIO;
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ int bch2_ec_read_extent(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio)
 		struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ptr->dev);
 
 		if (ptr_stale(ca, ptr)) {
-			__bcache_io_error(c,
+			bch_err_ratelimited(c,
 					  "error doing reconstruct read: stale pointer");
 			clear_bit(i, buf->valid);
 			continue;
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ int bch2_ec_read_extent(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio)
 	closure_sync(&cl);
 
 	if (ec_nr_failed(buf) > v->nr_redundant) {
-		__bcache_io_error(c,
+		bch_err_ratelimited(c,
 			"error doing reconstruct read: unable to read enough blocks");
 		ret = -EIO;
 		goto err;
diff --git a/libbcachefs/error.h b/libbcachefs/error.h
index 94b53312..0e49fd72 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/error.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/error.h
@@ -181,12 +181,18 @@ void bch2_io_error(struct bch_dev *);
 /* Logs message and handles the error: */
 #define bch2_dev_io_error(ca, fmt, ...)					\
 do {									\
-	printk_ratelimited(KERN_ERR bch2_fmt((ca)->fs,			\
-		"IO error on %s for " fmt),				\
+	printk_ratelimited(KERN_ERR "bcachefs (%s): " fmt,		\
 		(ca)->name, ##__VA_ARGS__);				\
 	bch2_io_error(ca);						\
 } while (0)
 
+#define bch2_dev_inum_io_error(ca, _inum, _offset, fmt, ...)		\
+do {									\
+	printk_ratelimited(KERN_ERR "bcachefs (%s inum %llu offset %llu): " fmt,\
+		(ca)->name, (_inum), (_offset), ##__VA_ARGS__);		\
+	bch2_io_error(ca);						\
+} while (0)
+
 #define bch2_dev_io_err_on(cond, ca, ...)				\
 ({									\
 	bool _ret = (cond);						\
@@ -196,16 +202,13 @@ do {									\
 	_ret;								\
 })
 
-/* kill? */
-
-#define __bcache_io_error(c, fmt, ...)					\
-	printk_ratelimited(KERN_ERR bch2_fmt(c,				\
-			"IO error: " fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
-#define bcache_io_error(c, bio, fmt, ...)				\
-do {									\
-	__bcache_io_error(c, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);			\
-	(bio)->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;					\
-} while (0)
+#define bch2_dev_inum_io_err_on(cond, ca, _inum, _offset, ...)		\
+({									\
+	bool _ret = (cond);						\
+									\
+	if (_ret)							\
+		bch2_dev_inum_io_error(ca, _inum, _offset, __VA_ARGS__);\
+	_ret;								\
+})
 
 #endif /* _BCACHEFS_ERROR_H */
diff --git a/libbcachefs/fs-io.c b/libbcachefs/fs-io.c
index 8e6f7300..8170e93c 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/fs-io.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/fs-io.c
@@ -856,7 +856,9 @@ retry:
 		goto retry;
 
 	if (ret) {
-		bcache_io_error(c, &rbio->bio, "btree IO error %i", ret);
+		bch_err_inum_ratelimited(c, inum,
+				"read error %i from btree lookup", ret);
+		rbio->bio.bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
 		bio_endio(&rbio->bio);
 	}
 
@@ -1013,6 +1015,8 @@ static void bch2_writepage_io_done(struct closure *cl)
 	unsigned i;
 
 	if (io->op.error) {
+		set_bit(EI_INODE_ERROR, &io->inode->ei_flags);
+
 		bio_for_each_segment_all(bvec, bio, iter) {
 			struct bch_page_state *s;
 
@@ -1902,7 +1906,13 @@ loop:
 
 		bio_for_each_segment_all(bv, bio, iter)
 			put_page(bv->bv_page);
-		if (!dio->iter.count || dio->op.error)
+
+		if (dio->op.error) {
+			set_bit(EI_INODE_ERROR, &inode->ei_flags);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (!dio->iter.count)
 			break;
 
 		bio_reset(bio);
@@ -2290,7 +2300,8 @@ int bch2_truncate(struct bch_inode_info *inode, struct iattr *iattr)
 	if (ret)
 		goto err;
 
-	BUG_ON(inode->v.i_size < inode_u.bi_size);
+	WARN_ON(!test_bit(EI_INODE_ERROR, &inode->ei_flags) &&
+		inode->v.i_size < inode_u.bi_size);
 
 	if (iattr->ia_size > inode->v.i_size) {
 		ret = bch2_extend(inode, &inode_u, iattr);
diff --git a/libbcachefs/fs.c b/libbcachefs/fs.c
index f3f6fe6c..e3edca4d 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/fs.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/fs.c
@@ -1151,6 +1151,7 @@ static void bch2_vfs_inode_init(struct bch_fs *c,
 	inode->v.i_generation	= bi->bi_generation;
 	inode->v.i_size		= bi->bi_size;
 
+	inode->ei_flags		= 0;
 	inode->ei_journal_seq	= 0;
 	inode->ei_quota_reserved = 0;
 	inode->ei_str_hash	= bch2_hash_info_init(c, bi);
diff --git a/libbcachefs/fs.h b/libbcachefs/fs.h
index 4ee1ac99..3df85ffb 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/fs.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/fs.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ void bch2_pagecache_block_get(struct pagecache_lock *);
 
 struct bch_inode_info {
 	struct inode		v;
+	unsigned long		ei_flags;
 
 	struct mutex		ei_update_lock;
 	u64			ei_journal_seq;
@@ -50,6 +51,12 @@ struct bch_inode_info {
 	struct bch_inode_unpacked ei_inode;
 };
 
+/*
+ * Set if we've gotten a btree error for this inode, and thus the vfs inode and
+ * btree inode may be inconsistent:
+ */
+#define EI_INODE_ERROR			0
+
 #define to_bch_ei(_inode)					\
 	container_of_or_null(_inode, struct bch_inode_info, v)
 
diff --git a/libbcachefs/io.c b/libbcachefs/io.c
index 46856c66..3489605e 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/io.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/io.c
@@ -576,7 +576,8 @@ static void __bch2_write_index(struct bch_write_op *op)
 		op->written += sectors_start - keylist_sectors(keys);
 
 		if (ret) {
-			__bcache_io_error(c, "btree IO error %i", ret);
+			bch_err_inum_ratelimited(c, op->pos.inode,
+				"write error %i from btree update", ret);
 			op->error = ret;
 		}
 	}
@@ -621,7 +622,10 @@ static void bch2_write_endio(struct bio *bio)
 	struct bch_fs *c		= wbio->c;
 	struct bch_dev *ca		= bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, wbio->dev);
 
-	if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "data write: %s",
+	if (bch2_dev_inum_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca,
+				    op->pos.inode,
+				    op->pos.offset - bio_sectors(bio), /* XXX definitely wrong */
+				    "data write error: %s",
 			       bch2_blk_status_to_str(bio->bi_status)))
 		set_bit(wbio->dev, op->failed.d);
 
@@ -1279,15 +1283,14 @@ void bch2_write(struct closure *cl)
 	wbio_init(bio)->put_bio = false;
 
 	if (bio_sectors(bio) & (c->opts.block_size - 1)) {
-		__bcache_io_error(c, "misaligned write");
+		bch_err_inum_ratelimited(c, op->pos.inode,
+					 "misaligned write");
 		op->error = -EIO;
 		goto err;
 	}
 
 	if (c->opts.nochanges ||
 	    !percpu_ref_tryget(&c->writes)) {
-		if (!(op->flags & BCH_WRITE_FROM_INTERNAL))
-			__bcache_io_error(c, "read only");
 		op->error = -EROFS;
 		goto err;
 	}
@@ -1716,7 +1719,8 @@ retry:
 	 * reading a btree node
 	 */
 	BUG_ON(!ret);
-	__bcache_io_error(c, "btree IO error: %i", ret);
+	bch_err_inum_ratelimited(c, inode,
+			"read error %i from btree lookup", ret);
 err:
 	rbio->bio.bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
 out:
@@ -1920,17 +1924,15 @@ csum_err:
 		return;
 	}
 
-	bch2_dev_io_error(ca,
-		"data checksum error, inode %llu offset %llu: expected %0llx:%0llx got %0llx:%0llx (type %u)",
-		rbio->pos.inode, (u64) rbio->bvec_iter.bi_sector,
+	bch2_dev_inum_io_error(ca, rbio->pos.inode, (u64) rbio->bvec_iter.bi_sector,
+		"data checksum error: expected %0llx:%0llx got %0llx:%0llx (type %u)",
 		rbio->pick.crc.csum.hi, rbio->pick.crc.csum.lo,
 		csum.hi, csum.lo, crc.csum_type);
 	bch2_rbio_error(rbio, READ_RETRY_AVOID, BLK_STS_IOERR);
 	return;
 decompression_err:
-	__bcache_io_error(c, "decompression error, inode %llu offset %llu",
-			  rbio->pos.inode,
-			  (u64) rbio->bvec_iter.bi_sector);
+	bch_err_inum_ratelimited(c, rbio->pos.inode,
+				 "decompression error");
 	bch2_rbio_error(rbio, READ_ERR, BLK_STS_IOERR);
 	return;
 }
@@ -1952,7 +1954,14 @@ static void bch2_read_endio(struct bio *bio)
 	if (!rbio->split)
 		rbio->bio.bi_end_io = rbio->end_io;
 
-	if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "data read; %s",
+	/*
+	 * XXX: rbio->pos is not what we want here when reading from indirect
+	 * extents
+	 */
+	if (bch2_dev_inum_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca,
+				    rbio->pos.inode,
+				    rbio->pos.offset,
+				    "data read error: %s",
 			       bch2_blk_status_to_str(bio->bi_status))) {
 		bch2_rbio_error(rbio, READ_RETRY_AVOID, bio->bi_status);
 		return;
@@ -2002,7 +2011,7 @@ int __bch2_read_indirect_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_reflink_v &&
 	    k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_indirect_inline_data) {
-		__bcache_io_error(trans->c,
+		bch_err_inum_ratelimited(trans->c, orig_k->k->k.p.inode,
 				"pointer to nonexistent indirect extent");
 		ret = -EIO;
 		goto err;
@@ -2048,7 +2057,8 @@ int __bch2_read_extent(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_read_bio *orig,
 		goto hole;
 
 	if (pick_ret < 0) {
-		__bcache_io_error(c, "no device to read from");
+		bch_err_inum_ratelimited(c, k.k->p.inode,
+					 "no device to read from");
 		goto err;
 	}
 
@@ -2198,7 +2208,8 @@ get_bio:
 
 	if (!rbio->pick.idx) {
 		if (!rbio->have_ioref) {
-			__bcache_io_error(c, "no device to read from");
+			bch_err_inum_ratelimited(c, k.k->p.inode,
+						 "no device to read from");
 			bch2_rbio_error(rbio, READ_RETRY_AVOID, BLK_STS_IOERR);
 			goto out;
 		}
@@ -2348,7 +2359,9 @@ err:
 	if (ret == -EINTR)
 		goto retry;
 
-	bcache_io_error(c, &rbio->bio, "btree IO error: %i", ret);
+	bch_err_inum_ratelimited(c, inode,
+				 "read error %i from btree lookup", ret);
+	rbio->bio.bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
 	bch2_rbio_done(rbio);
 	goto out;
 }
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal.c b/libbcachefs/journal.c
index dd8db8c0..70152103 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ static u64 last_unwritten_seq(struct journal *j)
 
 	lockdep_assert_held(&j->lock);
 
-	return journal_cur_seq(j) - s.prev_buf_unwritten;
+	return journal_cur_seq(j) - ((s.idx - s.unwritten_idx) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
 }
 
 static inline bool journal_seq_unwritten(struct journal *j, u64 seq)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ journal_seq_to_buf(struct journal *j, u64 seq)
 		j->reservations.cur_entry_offset == JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL);
 
 	if (journal_seq_unwritten(j, seq)) {
-		buf = j->buf + (seq & 1);
+		buf = j->buf + (seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
 		EBUG_ON(le64_to_cpu(buf->data->seq) != seq);
 	}
 	return buf;
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ static void bch2_journal_buf_init(struct journal *j)
 	struct journal_buf *buf = journal_cur_buf(j);
 
 	bkey_extent_init(&buf->key);
+	buf->noflush	= false;
+	buf->must_flush	= false;
 
 	memset(buf->has_inode, 0, sizeof(buf->has_inode));
 
@@ -109,15 +111,8 @@ void bch2_journal_halt(struct journal *j)
 
 /* journal entry close/open: */
 
-void __bch2_journal_buf_put(struct journal *j, bool need_write_just_set)
+void __bch2_journal_buf_put(struct journal *j)
 {
-	if (!need_write_just_set &&
-	    test_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags))
-		bch2_time_stats_update(j->delay_time,
-				       j->need_write_time);
-
-	clear_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags);
-
 	closure_call(&j->io, bch2_journal_write, system_highpri_wq, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -130,7 +125,6 @@ static bool __journal_entry_close(struct journal *j)
 	struct journal_buf *buf = journal_cur_buf(j);
 	union journal_res_state old, new;
 	u64 v = atomic64_read(&j->reservations.counter);
-	bool set_need_write = false;
 	unsigned sectors;
 
 	lockdep_assert_held(&j->lock);
@@ -149,15 +143,13 @@ static bool __journal_entry_close(struct journal *j)
 		if (!test_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags)) {
 			set_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags);
 			j->need_write_time = local_clock();
-			set_need_write = true;
 		}
 
-		if (new.prev_buf_unwritten)
-			return false;
-
 		new.cur_entry_offset = JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL;
 		new.idx++;
-		new.prev_buf_unwritten = 1;
+
+		if (new.idx == new.unwritten_idx)
+			return false;
 
 		BUG_ON(journal_state_count(new, new.idx));
 	} while ((v = atomic64_cmpxchg(&j->reservations.counter,
@@ -191,24 +183,44 @@ static bool __journal_entry_close(struct journal *j)
 	 */
 	buf->data->last_seq	= cpu_to_le64(journal_last_seq(j));
 
+	__bch2_journal_pin_put(j, le64_to_cpu(buf->data->seq));
+
 	journal_pin_new_entry(j, 1);
 
 	bch2_journal_buf_init(j);
 
 	cancel_delayed_work(&j->write_work);
+	clear_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags);
 
 	bch2_journal_space_available(j);
 
-	bch2_journal_buf_put(j, old.idx, set_need_write);
+	bch2_journal_buf_put(j, old.idx);
 	return true;
 }
 
+static bool journal_entry_want_write(struct journal *j)
+{
+	union journal_res_state s = READ_ONCE(j->reservations);
+	bool ret = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't close it yet if we already have a write in flight, but do set
+	 * NEED_WRITE:
+	 */
+	if (s.idx != s.unwritten_idx)
+		set_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags);
+	else
+		ret = __journal_entry_close(j);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static bool journal_entry_close(struct journal *j)
 {
 	bool ret;
 
 	spin_lock(&j->lock);
-	ret = __journal_entry_close(j);
+	ret = journal_entry_want_write(j);
 	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
 
 	return ret;
@@ -290,8 +302,8 @@ static int journal_entry_open(struct journal *j)
 
 static bool journal_quiesced(struct journal *j)
 {
-	union journal_res_state state = READ_ONCE(j->reservations);
-	bool ret = !state.prev_buf_unwritten && !__journal_entry_is_open(state);
+	union journal_res_state s = READ_ONCE(j->reservations);
+	bool ret = s.idx == s.unwritten_idx && !__journal_entry_is_open(s);
 
 	if (!ret)
 		journal_entry_close(j);
@@ -318,17 +330,29 @@ static void journal_write_work(struct work_struct *work)
 u64 bch2_inode_journal_seq(struct journal *j, u64 inode)
 {
 	size_t h = hash_64(inode, ilog2(sizeof(j->buf[0].has_inode) * 8));
-	u64 seq = 0;
+	union journal_res_state s;
+	unsigned i;
+	u64 seq;
 
-	if (!test_bit(h, j->buf[0].has_inode) &&
-	    !test_bit(h, j->buf[1].has_inode))
-		return 0;
 
 	spin_lock(&j->lock);
-	if (test_bit(h, journal_cur_buf(j)->has_inode))
-		seq = journal_cur_seq(j);
-	else if (test_bit(h, journal_prev_buf(j)->has_inode))
-		seq = journal_cur_seq(j) - 1;
+	seq = journal_cur_seq(j);
+	s = READ_ONCE(j->reservations);
+	i = s.idx;
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (test_bit(h, j->buf[i].has_inode))
+			goto out;
+
+		if (i == s.unwritten_idx)
+			break;
+
+		i = (i - 1) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK;
+		seq--;
+	}
+
+	seq = 0;
+out:
 	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
 
 	return seq;
@@ -553,7 +577,7 @@ int bch2_journal_flush_seq_async(struct journal *j, u64 seq,
 	struct journal_buf *buf;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (seq <= j->seq_ondisk)
+	if (seq <= j->flushed_seq_ondisk)
 		return 1;
 
 	spin_lock(&j->lock);
@@ -564,18 +588,55 @@ int bch2_journal_flush_seq_async(struct journal *j, u64 seq,
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	if (seq <= j->seq_ondisk) {
+	if (seq <= j->flushed_seq_ondisk) {
 		ret = 1;
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	if (parent &&
-	    (buf = journal_seq_to_buf(j, seq)))
-		if (!closure_wait(&buf->wait, parent))
+	/* if seq was written, but not flushed - flush a newer one instead */
+	seq = max(seq, last_unwritten_seq(j));
+
+recheck_need_open:
+	if (seq == journal_cur_seq(j) && !journal_entry_is_open(j)) {
+		struct journal_res res = { 0 };
+
+		spin_unlock(&j->lock);
+
+		ret = bch2_journal_res_get(j, &res, jset_u64s(0), 0);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+
+		seq = res.seq;
+		buf = j->buf + (seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
+		buf->must_flush = true;
+		set_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags);
+
+		if (parent && !closure_wait(&buf->wait, parent))
 			BUG();
 
+		bch2_journal_res_put(j, &res);
+
+		spin_lock(&j->lock);
+		goto want_write;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * if write was kicked off without a flush, flush the next sequence
+	 * number instead
+	 */
+	buf = journal_seq_to_buf(j, seq);
+	if (buf->noflush) {
+		seq++;
+		goto recheck_need_open;
+	}
+
+	buf->must_flush = true;
+
+	if (parent && !closure_wait(&buf->wait, parent))
+		BUG();
+want_write:
 	if (seq == journal_cur_seq(j))
-		__journal_entry_close(j);
+		journal_entry_want_write(j);
 out:
 	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
 	return ret;
@@ -864,15 +925,18 @@ int bch2_dev_journal_alloc(struct bch_dev *ca)
 static bool bch2_journal_writing_to_device(struct journal *j, unsigned dev_idx)
 {
 	union journal_res_state state;
-	struct journal_buf *w;
-	bool ret;
+	bool ret = false;
+	unsigned i;
 
 	spin_lock(&j->lock);
 	state = READ_ONCE(j->reservations);
-	w = j->buf + !state.idx;
+	i = state.idx;
 
-	ret = state.prev_buf_unwritten &&
-		bch2_bkey_has_device(bkey_i_to_s_c(&w->key), dev_idx);
+	while (i != state.unwritten_idx) {
+		i = (i - 1) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK;
+		if (bch2_bkey_has_device(bkey_i_to_s_c(&j->buf[i].key), dev_idx))
+			ret = true;
+	}
 	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
 
 	return ret;
@@ -955,10 +1019,11 @@ int bch2_fs_journal_start(struct journal *j, u64 cur_seq,
 	spin_lock(&j->lock);
 
 	set_bit(JOURNAL_STARTED, &j->flags);
+	j->last_flush_write = jiffies;
 
 	journal_pin_new_entry(j, 1);
 
-	j->reservations.idx = journal_cur_seq(j);
+	j->reservations.idx = j->reservations.unwritten_idx = journal_cur_seq(j);
 
 	bch2_journal_buf_init(j);
 
@@ -1013,8 +1078,10 @@ int bch2_dev_journal_init(struct bch_dev *ca, struct bch_sb *sb)
 
 void bch2_fs_journal_exit(struct journal *j)
 {
-	kvpfree(j->buf[1].data, j->buf[1].buf_size);
-	kvpfree(j->buf[0].data, j->buf[0].buf_size);
+	unsigned i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(j->buf); i++)
+		kvpfree(j->buf[i].data, j->buf[i].buf_size);
 	free_fifo(&j->pin);
 }
 
@@ -1022,6 +1089,7 @@ int bch2_fs_journal_init(struct journal *j)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
 	static struct lock_class_key res_key;
+	unsigned i;
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	pr_verbose_init(c->opts, "");
@@ -1036,8 +1104,6 @@ int bch2_fs_journal_init(struct journal *j)
 
 	lockdep_init_map(&j->res_map, "journal res", &res_key, 0);
 
-	j->buf[0].buf_size	= JOURNAL_ENTRY_SIZE_MIN;
-	j->buf[1].buf_size	= JOURNAL_ENTRY_SIZE_MIN;
 	j->write_delay_ms	= 1000;
 	j->reclaim_delay_ms	= 100;
 
@@ -1049,13 +1115,20 @@ int bch2_fs_journal_init(struct journal *j)
 		((union journal_res_state)
 		 { .cur_entry_offset = JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL }).v);
 
-	if (!(init_fifo(&j->pin, JOURNAL_PIN, GFP_KERNEL)) ||
-	    !(j->buf[0].data = kvpmalloc(j->buf[0].buf_size, GFP_KERNEL)) ||
-	    !(j->buf[1].data = kvpmalloc(j->buf[1].buf_size, GFP_KERNEL))) {
+	if (!(init_fifo(&j->pin, JOURNAL_PIN, GFP_KERNEL))) {
 		ret = -ENOMEM;
 		goto out;
 	}
 
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(j->buf); i++) {
+		j->buf[i].buf_size = JOURNAL_ENTRY_SIZE_MIN;
+		j->buf[i].data = kvpmalloc(j->buf[i].buf_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!j->buf[i].data) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
 	j->pin.front = j->pin.back = 1;
 out:
 	pr_verbose_init(c->opts, "ret %i", ret);
@@ -1069,7 +1142,7 @@ void bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
 	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
 	union journal_res_state s;
 	struct bch_dev *ca;
-	unsigned iter;
+	unsigned i;
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	spin_lock(&j->lock);
@@ -1081,6 +1154,8 @@ void bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
 	       "last_seq:\t\t%llu\n"
 	       "last_seq_ondisk:\t%llu\n"
 	       "prereserved:\t\t%u/%u\n"
+	       "nr flush writes:\t%llu\n"
+	       "nr noflush writes:\t%llu\n"
 	       "nr direct reclaim:\t%llu\n"
 	       "nr background reclaim:\t%llu\n"
 	       "current entry sectors:\t%u\n"
@@ -1092,6 +1167,8 @@ void bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
 	       j->last_seq_ondisk,
 	       j->prereserved.reserved,
 	       j->prereserved.remaining,
+	       j->nr_flush_writes,
+	       j->nr_noflush_writes,
 	       j->nr_direct_reclaim,
 	       j->nr_background_reclaim,
 	       j->cur_entry_sectors,
@@ -1112,16 +1189,16 @@ void bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
 	}
 
 	pr_buf(out,
-	       "current entry refs:\t%u\n"
-	       "prev entry unwritten:\t",
-	       journal_state_count(s, s.idx));
+	       "current entry:\t\tidx %u refcount %u\n",
+	       s.idx, journal_state_count(s, s.idx));
 
-	if (s.prev_buf_unwritten)
-		pr_buf(out, "yes, ref %u sectors %u\n",
-		       journal_state_count(s, !s.idx),
-		       journal_prev_buf(j)->sectors);
-	else
-		pr_buf(out, "no\n");
+	i = s.idx;
+	while (i != s.unwritten_idx) {
+		i = (i - 1) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK;
+
+		pr_buf(out, "unwritten entry:\tidx %u refcount %u sectors %u\n",
+		       i, journal_state_count(s, i), j->buf[i].sectors);
+	}
 
 	pr_buf(out,
 	       "need write:\t\t%i\n"
@@ -1129,7 +1206,21 @@ void bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
 	       test_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE,	&j->flags),
 	       test_bit(JOURNAL_REPLAY_DONE,	&j->flags));
 
-	for_each_member_device_rcu(ca, c, iter,
+	pr_buf(out, "space:\n");
+	pr_buf(out, "\tdiscarded\t%u:%u\n",
+	       j->space[journal_space_discarded].next_entry,
+	       j->space[journal_space_discarded].total);
+	pr_buf(out, "\tclean ondisk\t%u:%u\n",
+	       j->space[journal_space_clean_ondisk].next_entry,
+	       j->space[journal_space_clean_ondisk].total);
+	pr_buf(out, "\tclean\t\t%u:%u\n",
+	       j->space[journal_space_clean].next_entry,
+	       j->space[journal_space_clean].total);
+	pr_buf(out, "\ttotal\t\t%u:%u\n",
+	       j->space[journal_space_total].next_entry,
+	       j->space[journal_space_total].total);
+
+	for_each_member_device_rcu(ca, c, i,
 				   &c->rw_devs[BCH_DATA_journal]) {
 		struct journal_device *ja = &ca->journal;
 
@@ -1139,12 +1230,13 @@ void bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
 		pr_buf(out,
 		       "dev %u:\n"
 		       "\tnr\t\t%u\n"
+		       "\tbucket size\t%u\n"
 		       "\tavailable\t%u:%u\n"
-		       "\tdiscard_idx\t\t%u\n"
-		       "\tdirty_idx_ondisk\t%u (seq %llu)\n"
-		       "\tdirty_idx\t\t%u (seq %llu)\n"
+		       "\tdiscard_idx\t%u\n"
+		       "\tdirty_ondisk\t%u (seq %llu)\n"
+		       "\tdirty_idx\t%u (seq %llu)\n"
 		       "\tcur_idx\t\t%u (seq %llu)\n",
-		       iter, ja->nr,
+		       i, ja->nr, ca->mi.bucket_size,
 		       bch2_journal_dev_buckets_available(j, ja, journal_space_discarded),
 		       ja->sectors_free,
 		       ja->discard_idx,
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal.h b/libbcachefs/journal.h
index 25c68767..a6ce03a7 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal.h
@@ -127,11 +127,6 @@ static inline struct journal_buf *journal_cur_buf(struct journal *j)
 	return j->buf + j->reservations.idx;
 }
 
-static inline struct journal_buf *journal_prev_buf(struct journal *j)
-{
-	return j->buf + !j->reservations.idx;
-}
-
 /* Sequence number of oldest dirty journal entry */
 
 static inline u64 journal_last_seq(struct journal *j)
@@ -141,7 +136,7 @@ static inline u64 journal_last_seq(struct journal *j)
 
 static inline u64 journal_cur_seq(struct journal *j)
 {
-	BUG_ON(j->pin.back - 1 != atomic64_read(&j->seq));
+	EBUG_ON(j->pin.back - 1 != atomic64_read(&j->seq));
 
 	return j->pin.back - 1;
 }
@@ -151,13 +146,21 @@ void bch2_journal_set_has_inum(struct journal *, u64, u64);
 
 static inline int journal_state_count(union journal_res_state s, int idx)
 {
-	return idx == 0 ? s.buf0_count : s.buf1_count;
+	switch (idx) {
+	case 0: return s.buf0_count;
+	case 1: return s.buf1_count;
+	case 2: return s.buf2_count;
+	case 3: return s.buf3_count;
+	}
+	BUG();
 }
 
 static inline void journal_state_inc(union journal_res_state *s)
 {
 	s->buf0_count += s->idx == 0;
 	s->buf1_count += s->idx == 1;
+	s->buf2_count += s->idx == 2;
+	s->buf3_count += s->idx == 3;
 }
 
 static inline void bch2_journal_set_has_inode(struct journal *j,
@@ -255,21 +258,24 @@ static inline bool journal_entry_empty(struct jset *j)
 	return true;
 }
 
-void __bch2_journal_buf_put(struct journal *, bool);
+void __bch2_journal_buf_put(struct journal *);
 
-static inline void bch2_journal_buf_put(struct journal *j, unsigned idx,
-				       bool need_write_just_set)
+static inline void bch2_journal_buf_put(struct journal *j, unsigned idx)
 {
 	union journal_res_state s;
 
 	s.v = atomic64_sub_return(((union journal_res_state) {
 				    .buf0_count = idx == 0,
 				    .buf1_count = idx == 1,
+				    .buf2_count = idx == 2,
+				    .buf3_count = idx == 3,
 				    }).v, &j->reservations.counter);
-	if (!journal_state_count(s, idx)) {
-		EBUG_ON(s.idx == idx || !s.prev_buf_unwritten);
-		__bch2_journal_buf_put(j, need_write_just_set);
-	}
+
+	EBUG_ON(((s.idx - idx) & 3) >
+		((s.idx - s.unwritten_idx) & 3));
+
+	if (!journal_state_count(s, idx) && idx == s.unwritten_idx)
+		__bch2_journal_buf_put(j);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -289,7 +295,7 @@ static inline void bch2_journal_res_put(struct journal *j,
 				       BCH_JSET_ENTRY_btree_keys,
 				       0, 0, NULL, 0);
 
-	bch2_journal_buf_put(j, res->idx, false);
+	bch2_journal_buf_put(j, res->idx);
 
 	res->ref = 0;
 }
@@ -325,11 +331,18 @@ static inline int journal_res_get_fast(struct journal *j,
 		    !test_bit(JOURNAL_MAY_GET_UNRESERVED, &j->flags))
 			return 0;
 
-		if (flags & JOURNAL_RES_GET_CHECK)
-			return 1;
-
 		new.cur_entry_offset += res->u64s;
 		journal_state_inc(&new);
+
+		/*
+		 * If the refcount would overflow, we have to wait:
+		 * XXX - tracepoint this:
+		 */
+		if (!journal_state_count(new, new.idx))
+			return 0;
+
+		if (flags & JOURNAL_RES_GET_CHECK)
+			return 1;
 	} while ((v = atomic64_cmpxchg(&j->reservations.counter,
 				       old.v, new.v)) != old.v);
 
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal_io.c b/libbcachefs/journal_io.c
index d1367cf0..bb9a1936 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal_io.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal_io.c
@@ -10,10 +10,27 @@
 #include "journal.h"
 #include "journal_io.h"
 #include "journal_reclaim.h"
+#include "journal_seq_blacklist.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 
 #include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>
 
+static void __journal_replay_free(struct journal_replay *i)
+{
+	list_del(&i->list);
+	kvpfree(i, offsetof(struct journal_replay, j) +
+		vstruct_bytes(&i->j));
+
+}
+
+static void journal_replay_free(struct bch_fs *c, struct journal_replay *i)
+{
+	i->ignore = true;
+
+	if (!c->opts.read_entire_journal)
+		__journal_replay_free(i);
+}
+
 struct journal_list {
 	struct closure		cl;
 	struct mutex		lock;
@@ -36,28 +53,29 @@ static int journal_entry_add(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 	struct bch_devs_list devs = { .nr = 0 };
 	struct list_head *where;
 	size_t bytes = vstruct_bytes(j);
-	__le64 last_seq;
+	u64 last_seq = 0;
 	int ret;
 
-	last_seq = !list_empty(jlist->head)
-		? list_last_entry(jlist->head, struct journal_replay,
-				  list)->j.last_seq
-		: 0;
-
-	if (!c->opts.read_entire_journal) {
-		/* Is this entry older than the range we need? */
-		if (le64_to_cpu(j->seq) < le64_to_cpu(last_seq)) {
-			ret = JOURNAL_ENTRY_ADD_OUT_OF_RANGE;
-			goto out;
+	list_for_each_entry_reverse(i, jlist->head, list) {
+		if (!JSET_NO_FLUSH(&i->j)) {
+			last_seq = le64_to_cpu(i->j.last_seq);
+			break;
 		}
+	}
 
-		/* Drop entries we don't need anymore */
+	/* Is this entry older than the range we need? */
+	if (!c->opts.read_entire_journal &&
+	    le64_to_cpu(j->seq) < last_seq) {
+		ret = JOURNAL_ENTRY_ADD_OUT_OF_RANGE;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Drop entries we don't need anymore */
+	if (!JSET_NO_FLUSH(j)) {
 		list_for_each_entry_safe(i, pos, jlist->head, list) {
 			if (le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq) >= le64_to_cpu(j->last_seq))
 				break;
-			list_del(&i->list);
-			kvpfree(i, offsetof(struct journal_replay, j) +
-				vstruct_bytes(&i->j));
+			journal_replay_free(c, i);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -81,9 +99,7 @@ add:
 	if (i && le64_to_cpu(j->seq) == le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq)) {
 		if (i->bad) {
 			devs = i->devs;
-			list_del(&i->list);
-			kvpfree(i, offsetof(struct journal_replay, j) +
-				vstruct_bytes(&i->j));
+			__journal_replay_free(i);
 		} else if (bad) {
 			goto found;
 		} else {
@@ -105,6 +121,7 @@ add:
 	list_add(&i->list, where);
 	i->devs = devs;
 	i->bad	= bad;
+	i->ignore = false;
 	memcpy(&i->j, j, bytes);
 found:
 	if (!bch2_dev_list_has_dev(i->devs, ca->dev_idx))
@@ -558,7 +575,7 @@ reread:
 			bio_put(bio);
 
 			if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(ret, ca,
-					       "journal read from sector %llu",
+					       "journal read error: sector %llu",
 					       offset) ||
 			    bch2_meta_read_fault("journal"))
 				return -EIO;
@@ -699,14 +716,16 @@ err:
 	goto out;
 }
 
-int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct list_head *list)
+int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct list_head *list,
+		      u64 *blacklist_seq, u64 *start_seq)
 {
 	struct journal_list jlist;
-	struct journal_replay *i;
+	struct journal_replay *i, *t;
 	struct bch_dev *ca;
 	unsigned iter;
 	size_t keys = 0, entries = 0;
 	bool degraded = false;
+	u64 seq, last_seq = 0;
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	closure_init_stack(&jlist.cl);
@@ -735,12 +754,97 @@ int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct list_head *list)
 	if (jlist.ret)
 		return jlist.ret;
 
+	if (list_empty(list)) {
+		bch_info(c, "journal read done, but no entries found");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	i = list_last_entry(list, struct journal_replay, list);
+	*start_seq = le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq) + 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find most recent flush entry, and ignore newer non flush entries -
+	 * those entries will be blacklisted:
+	 */
+	list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(i, t, list, list) {
+		if (i->ignore)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!JSET_NO_FLUSH(&i->j)) {
+			last_seq	= le64_to_cpu(i->j.last_seq);
+			*blacklist_seq	= le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq) + 1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		journal_replay_free(c, i);
+	}
+
+	if (!last_seq) {
+		fsck_err(c, "journal read done, but no entries found after dropping non-flushes");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* Drop blacklisted entries and entries older than last_seq: */
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(i, t, list, list) {
+		if (i->ignore)
+			continue;
+
+		seq = le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq);
+		if (seq < last_seq) {
+			journal_replay_free(c, i);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (bch2_journal_seq_is_blacklisted(c, seq, true)) {
+			fsck_err_on(!JSET_NO_FLUSH(&i->j), c,
+				    "found blacklisted journal entry %llu", seq);
+
+			journal_replay_free(c, i);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Check for missing entries: */
+	seq = last_seq;
+	list_for_each_entry(i, list, list) {
+		if (i->ignore)
+			continue;
+
+		BUG_ON(seq > le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq));
+
+		while (seq < le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq)) {
+			u64 missing_start, missing_end;
+
+			while (seq < le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq) &&
+			       bch2_journal_seq_is_blacklisted(c, seq, false))
+				seq++;
+
+			if (seq == le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq))
+				break;
+
+			missing_start = seq;
+
+			while (seq < le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq) &&
+			       !bch2_journal_seq_is_blacklisted(c, seq, false))
+				seq++;
+
+			missing_end = seq - 1;
+			fsck_err(c, "journal entries %llu-%llu missing! (replaying %llu-%llu)",
+				 missing_start, missing_end,
+				 last_seq, *blacklist_seq - 1);
+		}
+
+		seq++;
+	}
+
 	list_for_each_entry(i, list, list) {
 		struct jset_entry *entry;
 		struct bkey_i *k, *_n;
 		struct bch_replicas_padded replicas;
 		char buf[80];
 
+		if (i->ignore)
+			continue;
+
 		ret = jset_validate_entries(c, &i->j, READ);
 		if (ret)
 			goto fsck_err;
@@ -768,12 +872,12 @@ int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct list_head *list)
 		entries++;
 	}
 
-	if (!list_empty(list)) {
-		i = list_last_entry(list, struct journal_replay, list);
+	bch_info(c, "journal read done, %zu keys in %zu entries, seq %llu",
+		 keys, entries, *start_seq);
 
-		bch_info(c, "journal read done, %zu keys in %zu entries, seq %llu",
-			 keys, entries, le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq));
-	}
+	if (*start_seq != *blacklist_seq)
+		bch_info(c, "dropped unflushed entries %llu-%llu",
+			 *blacklist_seq, *start_seq - 1);
 fsck_err:
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -951,16 +1055,23 @@ static void journal_buf_realloc(struct journal *j, struct journal_buf *buf)
 	buf->buf_size	= new_size;
 }
 
+static inline struct journal_buf *journal_last_unwritten_buf(struct journal *j)
+{
+	return j->buf + j->reservations.unwritten_idx;
+}
+
 static void journal_write_done(struct closure *cl)
 {
 	struct journal *j = container_of(cl, struct journal, io);
 	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
-	struct journal_buf *w = journal_prev_buf(j);
+	struct journal_buf *w = journal_last_unwritten_buf(j);
 	struct bch_devs_list devs =
 		bch2_bkey_devs(bkey_i_to_s_c(&w->key));
 	struct bch_replicas_padded replicas;
+	union journal_res_state old, new;
 	u64 seq = le64_to_cpu(w->data->seq);
 	u64 last_seq = le64_to_cpu(w->data->last_seq);
+	u64 v;
 	int err = 0;
 
 	bch2_time_stats_update(j->write_time, j->write_start_time);
@@ -984,8 +1095,12 @@ static void journal_write_done(struct closure *cl)
 	j->seq_ondisk		= seq;
 	if (err && (!j->err_seq || seq < j->err_seq))
 		j->err_seq	= seq;
-	j->last_seq_ondisk	= last_seq;
-	bch2_journal_space_available(j);
+
+	if (!w->noflush) {
+		j->flushed_seq_ondisk = seq;
+		j->last_seq_ondisk = last_seq;
+		bch2_journal_space_available(j);
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Updating last_seq_ondisk may let bch2_journal_reclaim_work() discard
@@ -999,9 +1114,14 @@ static void journal_write_done(struct closure *cl)
 	/* also must come before signalling write completion: */
 	closure_debug_destroy(cl);
 
-	BUG_ON(!j->reservations.prev_buf_unwritten);
-	atomic64_sub(((union journal_res_state) { .prev_buf_unwritten = 1 }).v,
-		     &j->reservations.counter);
+	v = atomic64_read(&j->reservations.counter);
+	do {
+		old.v = new.v = v;
+		BUG_ON(new.idx == new.unwritten_idx);
+
+		new.unwritten_idx++;
+	} while ((v = atomic64_cmpxchg(&j->reservations.counter,
+				       old.v, new.v)) != old.v);
 
 	closure_wake_up(&w->wait);
 	journal_wake(j);
@@ -1009,6 +1129,10 @@ static void journal_write_done(struct closure *cl)
 	if (test_bit(JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE, &j->flags))
 		mod_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq, &j->write_work, 0);
 	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
+
+	if (new.unwritten_idx != new.idx &&
+	    !journal_state_count(new, new.unwritten_idx))
+		closure_call(&j->io, bch2_journal_write, system_highpri_wq, NULL);
 }
 
 static void journal_write_endio(struct bio *bio)
@@ -1016,10 +1140,10 @@ static void journal_write_endio(struct bio *bio)
 	struct bch_dev *ca = bio->bi_private;
 	struct journal *j = &ca->fs->journal;
 
-	if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "journal write: %s",
+	if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "journal write error: %s",
 			       bch2_blk_status_to_str(bio->bi_status)) ||
 	    bch2_meta_write_fault("journal")) {
-		struct journal_buf *w = journal_prev_buf(j);
+		struct journal_buf *w = journal_last_unwritten_buf(j);
 		unsigned long flags;
 
 		spin_lock_irqsave(&j->err_lock, flags);
@@ -1036,7 +1160,7 @@ void bch2_journal_write(struct closure *cl)
 	struct journal *j = container_of(cl, struct journal, io);
 	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
 	struct bch_dev *ca;
-	struct journal_buf *w = journal_prev_buf(j);
+	struct journal_buf *w = journal_last_unwritten_buf(j);
 	struct jset_entry *start, *end;
 	struct jset *jset;
 	struct bio *bio;
@@ -1047,13 +1171,27 @@ void bch2_journal_write(struct closure *cl)
 
 	BUG_ON(BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb));
 
-	bch2_journal_pin_put(j, le64_to_cpu(w->data->seq));
-
 	journal_buf_realloc(j, w);
 	jset = w->data;
 
 	j->write_start_time = local_clock();
 
+	spin_lock(&j->lock);
+	if (c->sb.features & (1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_journal_no_flush) &&
+	    !w->must_flush &&
+	    (jiffies - j->last_flush_write) < msecs_to_jiffies(j->write_delay_ms) &&
+	    test_bit(JOURNAL_MAY_SKIP_FLUSH, &j->flags)) {
+		w->noflush = true;
+		SET_JSET_NO_FLUSH(jset, true);
+		jset->last_seq = cpu_to_le64(j->last_seq_ondisk);
+
+		j->nr_noflush_writes++;
+	} else {
+		j->last_flush_write = jiffies;
+		j->nr_flush_writes++;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
+
 	/*
 	 * New btree roots are set by journalling them; when the journal entry
 	 * gets written we have to propagate them to c->btree_roots
@@ -1175,8 +1313,9 @@ retry_alloc:
 		bio->bi_iter.bi_sector	= ptr->offset;
 		bio->bi_end_io		= journal_write_endio;
 		bio->bi_private		= ca;
-		bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_WRITE,
-				 REQ_SYNC|REQ_META|REQ_PREFLUSH|REQ_FUA);
+		bio->bi_opf		= REQ_OP_WRITE|REQ_SYNC|REQ_META;
+		if (!JSET_NO_FLUSH(jset))
+			bio->bi_opf    |= REQ_PREFLUSH|REQ_FUA;
 		bch2_bio_map(bio, jset, sectors << 9);
 
 		trace_journal_write(bio);
@@ -1185,20 +1324,21 @@ retry_alloc:
 		ca->journal.bucket_seq[ca->journal.cur_idx] = le64_to_cpu(jset->seq);
 	}
 
-	for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
-		if (journal_flushes_device(ca) &&
-		    !bch2_bkey_has_device(bkey_i_to_s_c(&w->key), i)) {
-			percpu_ref_get(&ca->io_ref);
-
-			bio = ca->journal.bio;
-			bio_reset(bio);
-			bio_set_dev(bio, ca->disk_sb.bdev);
-			bio->bi_opf		= REQ_OP_FLUSH;
-			bio->bi_end_io		= journal_write_endio;
-			bio->bi_private		= ca;
-			closure_bio_submit(bio, cl);
-		}
+	if (!JSET_NO_FLUSH(jset)) {
+		for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
+			if (journal_flushes_device(ca) &&
+			    !bch2_bkey_has_device(bkey_i_to_s_c(&w->key), i)) {
+				percpu_ref_get(&ca->io_ref);
 
+				bio = ca->journal.bio;
+				bio_reset(bio);
+				bio_set_dev(bio, ca->disk_sb.bdev);
+				bio->bi_opf		= REQ_OP_FLUSH;
+				bio->bi_end_io		= journal_write_endio;
+				bio->bi_private		= ca;
+				closure_bio_submit(bio, cl);
+			}
+	}
 no_io:
 	bch2_bucket_seq_cleanup(c);
 
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal_io.h b/libbcachefs/journal_io.h
index 6958ee0f..6b4c8096 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal_io.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal_io.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ struct journal_replay {
 	struct bch_devs_list	devs;
 	/* checksum error, but we may want to try using it anyways: */
 	bool			bad;
+	bool			ignore;
 	/* must be last: */
 	struct jset		j;
 };
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ static inline struct jset_entry *__jset_entry_type_next(struct jset *jset,
 	for_each_jset_entry_type(entry, jset, BCH_JSET_ENTRY_btree_keys)	\
 		vstruct_for_each_safe(entry, k, _n)
 
-int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *, struct list_head *);
+int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *, struct list_head *, u64 *, u64 *);
 
 void bch2_journal_write(struct closure *);
 
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.c b/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.c
index beaa39f7..9d778306 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.c
@@ -58,81 +58,107 @@ static void journal_set_remaining(struct journal *j, unsigned u64s_remaining)
 				       old.v, new.v)) != old.v);
 }
 
-static struct journal_space {
-	unsigned	next_entry;
-	unsigned	remaining;
-} __journal_space_available(struct journal *j, unsigned nr_devs_want,
+static inline unsigned get_unwritten_sectors(struct journal *j, unsigned *idx)
+{
+	unsigned sectors = 0;
+
+	while (!sectors && *idx != j->reservations.idx) {
+		sectors = j->buf[*idx].sectors;
+
+		*idx = (*idx + 1) & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK;
+	}
+
+	return sectors;
+}
+
+static struct journal_space
+journal_dev_space_available(struct journal *j, struct bch_dev *ca,
+			    enum journal_space_from from)
+{
+	struct journal_device *ja = &ca->journal;
+	unsigned sectors, buckets, unwritten, idx = j->reservations.unwritten_idx;
+
+	if (from == journal_space_total)
+		return (struct journal_space) {
+			.next_entry	= ca->mi.bucket_size,
+			.total		= ca->mi.bucket_size * ja->nr,
+		};
+
+	buckets = bch2_journal_dev_buckets_available(j, ja, from);
+	sectors = ja->sectors_free;
+
+	/*
+	 * We that we don't allocate the space for a journal entry
+	 * until we write it out - thus, account for it here:
+	 */
+	while ((unwritten = get_unwritten_sectors(j, &idx))) {
+		if (unwritten >= sectors) {
+			if (!buckets) {
+				sectors = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			buckets--;
+			sectors = ca->mi.bucket_size;
+		}
+
+		sectors -= unwritten;
+	}
+
+	if (sectors < ca->mi.bucket_size && buckets) {
+		buckets--;
+		sectors = ca->mi.bucket_size;
+	}
+
+	return (struct journal_space) {
+		.next_entry	= sectors,
+		.total		= sectors + buckets * ca->mi.bucket_size,
+	};
+}
+
+static struct journal_space __journal_space_available(struct journal *j, unsigned nr_devs_want,
 			    enum journal_space_from from)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
 	struct bch_dev *ca;
-	unsigned sectors_next_entry	= UINT_MAX;
-	unsigned sectors_total		= UINT_MAX;
-	unsigned i, nr_devs = 0;
-	unsigned unwritten_sectors = j->reservations.prev_buf_unwritten
-		? journal_prev_buf(j)->sectors
-		: 0;
+	unsigned i, pos, nr_devs = 0;
+	struct journal_space space, dev_space[BCH_SB_MEMBERS_MAX];
+
+	BUG_ON(nr_devs_want > ARRAY_SIZE(dev_space));
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	for_each_member_device_rcu(ca, c, i,
 				   &c->rw_devs[BCH_DATA_journal]) {
-		struct journal_device *ja = &ca->journal;
-		unsigned buckets_this_device, sectors_this_device;
-
-		if (!ja->nr)
+		if (!ca->journal.nr)
 			continue;
 
-		buckets_this_device = bch2_journal_dev_buckets_available(j, ja, from);
-		sectors_this_device = ja->sectors_free;
-
-		/*
-		 * We that we don't allocate the space for a journal entry
-		 * until we write it out - thus, account for it here:
-		 */
-		if (unwritten_sectors >= sectors_this_device) {
-			if (!buckets_this_device)
-				continue;
-
-			buckets_this_device--;
-			sectors_this_device = ca->mi.bucket_size;
-		}
-
-		sectors_this_device -= unwritten_sectors;
-
-		if (sectors_this_device < ca->mi.bucket_size &&
-		    buckets_this_device) {
-			buckets_this_device--;
-			sectors_this_device = ca->mi.bucket_size;
-		}
-
-		if (!sectors_this_device)
+		space = journal_dev_space_available(j, ca, from);
+		if (!space.next_entry)
 			continue;
 
-		sectors_next_entry = min(sectors_next_entry,
-					 sectors_this_device);
+		for (pos = 0; pos < nr_devs; pos++)
+			if (space.total > dev_space[pos].total)
+				break;
 
-		sectors_total = min(sectors_total,
-			buckets_this_device * ca->mi.bucket_size +
-			sectors_this_device);
-
-		nr_devs++;
+		array_insert_item(dev_space, nr_devs, pos, space);
 	}
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	if (nr_devs < nr_devs_want)
 		return (struct journal_space) { 0, 0 };
 
-	return (struct journal_space) {
-		.next_entry	= sectors_next_entry,
-		.remaining	= max_t(int, 0, sectors_total - sectors_next_entry),
-	};
+	/*
+	 * We sorted largest to smallest, and we want the smallest out of the
+	 * @nr_devs_want largest devices:
+	 */
+	return dev_space[nr_devs_want - 1];
 }
 
 void bch2_journal_space_available(struct journal *j)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
 	struct bch_dev *ca;
-	struct journal_space discarded, clean_ondisk, clean;
+	unsigned clean, clean_ondisk, total;
 	unsigned overhead, u64s_remaining = 0;
 	unsigned max_entry_size	 = min(j->buf[0].buf_size >> 9,
 				       j->buf[1].buf_size >> 9);
@@ -173,27 +199,33 @@ void bch2_journal_space_available(struct journal *j)
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	if (!fifo_free(&j->pin)) {
-		ret = cur_entry_journal_pin_full;
-		goto out;
-	}
-
 	nr_devs_want = min_t(unsigned, nr_online, c->opts.metadata_replicas);
 
-	discarded	= __journal_space_available(j, nr_devs_want, journal_space_discarded);
-	clean_ondisk	= __journal_space_available(j, nr_devs_want, journal_space_clean_ondisk);
-	clean		= __journal_space_available(j, nr_devs_want, journal_space_clean);
+	for (i = 0; i < journal_space_nr; i++)
+		j->space[i] = __journal_space_available(j, nr_devs_want, i);
 
-	if (!discarded.next_entry)
+	clean_ondisk	= j->space[journal_space_clean_ondisk].total;
+	clean		= j->space[journal_space_clean].total;
+	total		= j->space[journal_space_total].total;
+
+	if (!j->space[journal_space_discarded].next_entry)
 		ret = cur_entry_journal_full;
+	else if (!fifo_free(&j->pin))
+		ret = cur_entry_journal_pin_full;
 
-	overhead = DIV_ROUND_UP(clean.remaining, max_entry_size) *
+	if ((clean - clean_ondisk <= total / 8) &&
+	    (clean_ondisk * 2 > clean ))
+		set_bit(JOURNAL_MAY_SKIP_FLUSH, &j->flags);
+	else
+		clear_bit(JOURNAL_MAY_SKIP_FLUSH, &j->flags);
+
+	overhead = DIV_ROUND_UP(clean, max_entry_size) *
 		journal_entry_overhead(j);
-	u64s_remaining = clean.remaining << 6;
+	u64s_remaining = clean << 6;
 	u64s_remaining = max_t(int, 0, u64s_remaining - overhead);
 	u64s_remaining /= 4;
 out:
-	j->cur_entry_sectors	= !ret ? discarded.next_entry : 0;
+	j->cur_entry_sectors	= !ret ? j->space[journal_space_discarded].next_entry : 0;
 	j->cur_entry_error	= ret;
 	journal_set_remaining(j, u64s_remaining);
 	journal_check_may_get_unreserved(j);
@@ -277,6 +309,14 @@ static void bch2_journal_reclaim_fast(struct journal *j)
 		bch2_journal_space_available(j);
 }
 
+void __bch2_journal_pin_put(struct journal *j, u64 seq)
+{
+	struct journal_entry_pin_list *pin_list = journal_seq_pin(j, seq);
+
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&pin_list->count))
+		bch2_journal_reclaim_fast(j);
+}
+
 void bch2_journal_pin_put(struct journal *j, u64 seq)
 {
 	struct journal_entry_pin_list *pin_list = journal_seq_pin(j, seq);
@@ -485,13 +525,14 @@ static u64 journal_seq_to_flush(struct journal *j)
  * 512 journal entries or 25% of all journal buckets, then
  * journal_next_bucket() should not stall.
  */
-static void __bch2_journal_reclaim(struct journal *j, bool direct)
+static int __bch2_journal_reclaim(struct journal *j, bool direct)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
 	bool kthread = (current->flags & PF_KTHREAD) != 0;
 	u64 seq_to_flush, nr_flushed = 0;
 	size_t min_nr;
 	unsigned flags;
+	int ret = 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * We can't invoke memory reclaim while holding the reclaim_lock -
@@ -506,6 +547,11 @@ static void __bch2_journal_reclaim(struct journal *j, bool direct)
 		if (kthread && kthread_should_stop())
 			break;
 
+		if (bch2_journal_error(j)) {
+			ret = -EIO;
+			break;
+		}
+
 		bch2_journal_do_discards(j);
 
 		seq_to_flush = journal_seq_to_flush(j);
@@ -547,27 +593,30 @@ static void __bch2_journal_reclaim(struct journal *j, bool direct)
 	} while (min_nr);
 
 	memalloc_noreclaim_restore(flags);
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
-void bch2_journal_reclaim(struct journal *j)
+int bch2_journal_reclaim(struct journal *j)
 {
-	__bch2_journal_reclaim(j, true);
+	return __bch2_journal_reclaim(j, true);
 }
 
 static int bch2_journal_reclaim_thread(void *arg)
 {
 	struct journal *j = arg;
 	unsigned long next;
+	int ret = 0;
 
 	set_freezable();
 
 	kthread_wait_freezable(test_bit(JOURNAL_RECLAIM_STARTED, &j->flags));
 
-	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
+	while (!ret && !kthread_should_stop()) {
 		j->reclaim_kicked = false;
 
 		mutex_lock(&j->reclaim_lock);
-		__bch2_journal_reclaim(j, false);
+		ret = __bch2_journal_reclaim(j, false);
 		mutex_unlock(&j->reclaim_lock);
 
 		next = j->last_flushed + msecs_to_jiffies(j->reclaim_delay_ms);
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.h b/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.h
index e2535504..f02caa3d 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal_reclaim.h
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
 
 #define JOURNAL_PIN	(32 * 1024)
 
-enum journal_space_from {
-	journal_space_discarded,
-	journal_space_clean_ondisk,
-	journal_space_clean,
-};
-
 static inline void journal_reclaim_kick(struct journal *j)
 {
 	struct task_struct *p = READ_ONCE(j->reclaim_thread);
@@ -39,6 +33,7 @@ journal_seq_pin(struct journal *j, u64 seq)
 	return &j->pin.data[seq & j->pin.mask];
 }
 
+void __bch2_journal_pin_put(struct journal *, u64);
 void bch2_journal_pin_put(struct journal *, u64);
 void bch2_journal_pin_drop(struct journal *, struct journal_entry_pin *);
 
@@ -73,7 +68,7 @@ static inline void bch2_journal_pin_update(struct journal *j, u64 seq,
 void bch2_journal_pin_flush(struct journal *, struct journal_entry_pin *);
 
 void bch2_journal_do_discards(struct journal *);
-void bch2_journal_reclaim(struct journal *);
+int bch2_journal_reclaim(struct journal *);
 
 void bch2_journal_reclaim_stop(struct journal *);
 int bch2_journal_reclaim_start(struct journal *);
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal_seq_blacklist.c b/libbcachefs/journal_seq_blacklist.c
index d0f1bbf8..e1b63f38 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal_seq_blacklist.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal_seq_blacklist.c
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ out_write_sb:
 out:
 	mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
 
-	return ret;
+	return ret ?: bch2_blacklist_table_initialize(c);
 }
 
 static int journal_seq_blacklist_table_cmp(const void *_l,
@@ -164,8 +164,6 @@ int bch2_blacklist_table_initialize(struct bch_fs *c)
 	struct journal_seq_blacklist_table *t;
 	unsigned i, nr = blacklist_nr_entries(bl);
 
-	BUG_ON(c->journal_seq_blacklist_table);
-
 	if (!bl)
 		return 0;
 
@@ -187,6 +185,7 @@ int bch2_blacklist_table_initialize(struct bch_fs *c)
 			journal_seq_blacklist_table_cmp,
 			NULL);
 
+	kfree(c->journal_seq_blacklist_table);
 	c->journal_seq_blacklist_table = t;
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/libbcachefs/journal_types.h b/libbcachefs/journal_types.h
index 4640bb86..308b899b 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/journal_types.h
+++ b/libbcachefs/journal_types.h
@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@
 #include "super_types.h"
 #include "fifo.h"
 
-struct journal_res;
+#define JOURNAL_BUF_BITS	2
+#define JOURNAL_BUF_NR		(1U << JOURNAL_BUF_BITS)
+#define JOURNAL_BUF_MASK	(JOURNAL_BUF_NR - 1)
 
 /*
- * We put two of these in struct journal; we used them for writes to the
- * journal that are being staged or in flight.
+ * We put JOURNAL_BUF_NR of these in struct journal; we used them for writes to
+ * the journal that are being staged or in flight.
  */
 struct journal_buf {
 	struct jset		*data;
@@ -27,6 +29,8 @@ struct journal_buf {
 	unsigned		disk_sectors;	/* maximum size entry could have been, if
 						   buf_size was bigger */
 	unsigned		u64s_reserved;
+	bool			noflush;	/* write has already been kicked off, and was noflush */
+	bool			must_flush;	/* something wants a flush */
 	/* bloom filter: */
 	unsigned long		has_inode[1024 / sizeof(unsigned long)];
 };
@@ -81,10 +85,12 @@ union journal_res_state {
 
 	struct {
 		u64		cur_entry_offset:20,
-				idx:1,
-				prev_buf_unwritten:1,
-				buf0_count:21,
-				buf1_count:21;
+				idx:2,
+				unwritten_idx:2,
+				buf0_count:10,
+				buf1_count:10,
+				buf2_count:10,
+				buf3_count:10;
 	};
 };
 
@@ -116,6 +122,20 @@ union journal_preres_state {
 #define JOURNAL_ENTRY_CLOSED_VAL	(JOURNAL_ENTRY_OFFSET_MAX - 1)
 #define JOURNAL_ENTRY_ERROR_VAL		(JOURNAL_ENTRY_OFFSET_MAX)
 
+struct journal_space {
+	/* Units of 512 bytes sectors: */
+	unsigned	next_entry; /* How big the next journal entry can be */
+	unsigned	total;
+};
+
+enum journal_space_from {
+	journal_space_discarded,
+	journal_space_clean_ondisk,
+	journal_space_clean,
+	journal_space_total,
+	journal_space_nr,
+};
+
 /*
  * JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE - current (pending) journal entry should be written ASAP,
  * either because something's waiting on the write to complete or because it's
@@ -128,6 +148,7 @@ enum {
 	JOURNAL_RECLAIM_STARTED,
 	JOURNAL_NEED_WRITE,
 	JOURNAL_MAY_GET_UNRESERVED,
+	JOURNAL_MAY_SKIP_FLUSH,
 };
 
 /* Embedded in struct bch_fs */
@@ -165,7 +186,7 @@ struct journal {
 	 * Two journal entries -- one is currently open for new entries, the
 	 * other is possibly being written out.
 	 */
-	struct journal_buf	buf[2];
+	struct journal_buf	buf[JOURNAL_BUF_NR];
 
 	spinlock_t		lock;
 
@@ -185,6 +206,7 @@ struct journal {
 
 	/* seq, last_seq from the most recent journal entry successfully written */
 	u64			seq_ondisk;
+	u64			flushed_seq_ondisk;
 	u64			last_seq_ondisk;
 	u64			err_seq;
 	u64			last_empty_seq;
@@ -210,6 +232,8 @@ struct journal {
 		struct journal_entry_pin_list *data;
 	}			pin;
 
+	struct journal_space	space[journal_space_nr];
+
 	u64			replay_journal_seq;
 	u64			replay_journal_seq_end;
 
@@ -232,11 +256,15 @@ struct journal {
 
 	unsigned		write_delay_ms;
 	unsigned		reclaim_delay_ms;
+	unsigned long		last_flush_write;
 
 	u64			res_get_blocked_start;
 	u64			need_write_time;
 	u64			write_start_time;
 
+	u64			nr_flush_writes;
+	u64			nr_noflush_writes;
+
 	struct time_stats	*write_time;
 	struct time_stats	*delay_time;
 	struct time_stats	*blocked_time;
diff --git a/libbcachefs/recovery.c b/libbcachefs/recovery.c
index d24cef2b..ecd51d45 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/recovery.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/recovery.c
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ void bch2_journal_keys_free(struct journal_keys *keys)
 
 static struct journal_keys journal_keys_sort(struct list_head *journal_entries)
 {
-	struct journal_replay *p;
+	struct journal_replay *i;
 	struct jset_entry *entry;
 	struct bkey_i *k, *_n;
 	struct journal_keys keys = { NULL };
@@ -323,35 +323,35 @@ static struct journal_keys journal_keys_sort(struct list_head *journal_entries)
 	if (list_empty(journal_entries))
 		return keys;
 
-	keys.journal_seq_base =
-		le64_to_cpu(list_last_entry(journal_entries,
-				struct journal_replay, list)->j.last_seq);
-
-	list_for_each_entry(p, journal_entries, list) {
-		if (le64_to_cpu(p->j.seq) < keys.journal_seq_base)
+	list_for_each_entry(i, journal_entries, list) {
+		if (i->ignore)
 			continue;
 
-		for_each_jset_key(k, _n, entry, &p->j)
+		if (!keys.journal_seq_base)
+			keys.journal_seq_base = le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq);
+
+		for_each_jset_key(k, _n, entry, &i->j)
 			nr_keys++;
 	}
 
-
 	keys.d = kvmalloc(sizeof(keys.d[0]) * nr_keys, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!keys.d)
 		goto err;
 
-	list_for_each_entry(p, journal_entries, list) {
-		if (le64_to_cpu(p->j.seq) < keys.journal_seq_base)
+	list_for_each_entry(i, journal_entries, list) {
+		if (i->ignore)
 			continue;
 
-		for_each_jset_key(k, _n, entry, &p->j)
+		BUG_ON(le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq) - keys.journal_seq_base > U32_MAX);
+
+		for_each_jset_key(k, _n, entry, &i->j)
 			keys.d[keys.nr++] = (struct journal_key) {
 				.btree_id	= entry->btree_id,
 				.level		= entry->level,
 				.k		= k,
-				.journal_seq	= le64_to_cpu(p->j.seq) -
+				.journal_seq	= le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq) -
 					keys.journal_seq_base,
-				.journal_offset	= k->_data - p->j._data,
+				.journal_offset	= k->_data - i->j._data,
 			};
 	}
 
@@ -643,46 +643,6 @@ err:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static bool journal_empty(struct list_head *journal)
-{
-	return list_empty(journal) ||
-		journal_entry_empty(&list_last_entry(journal,
-					struct journal_replay, list)->j);
-}
-
-static int
-verify_journal_entries_not_blacklisted_or_missing(struct bch_fs *c,
-						  struct list_head *journal)
-{
-	struct journal_replay *i =
-		list_last_entry(journal, struct journal_replay, list);
-	u64 start_seq	= le64_to_cpu(i->j.last_seq);
-	u64 end_seq	= le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq);
-	u64 seq		= start_seq;
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	list_for_each_entry(i, journal, list) {
-		if (le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq) < start_seq)
-			continue;
-
-		fsck_err_on(seq != le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq), c,
-			"journal entries %llu-%llu missing! (replaying %llu-%llu)",
-			seq, le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq) - 1,
-			start_seq, end_seq);
-
-		seq = le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq);
-
-		fsck_err_on(bch2_journal_seq_is_blacklisted(c, seq, false), c,
-			    "found blacklisted journal entry %llu", seq);
-
-		do {
-			seq++;
-		} while (bch2_journal_seq_is_blacklisted(c, seq, false));
-	}
-fsck_err:
-	return ret;
-}
-
 /* journal replay early: */
 
 static int journal_replay_entry_early(struct bch_fs *c,
@@ -767,6 +727,7 @@ static int journal_replay_early(struct bch_fs *c,
 				struct bch_sb_field_clean *clean,
 				struct list_head *journal)
 {
+	struct journal_replay *i;
 	struct jset_entry *entry;
 	int ret;
 
@@ -782,18 +743,19 @@ static int journal_replay_early(struct bch_fs *c,
 				return ret;
 		}
 	} else {
-		struct journal_replay *i =
-			list_last_entry(journal, struct journal_replay, list);
+		list_for_each_entry(i, journal, list) {
+			if (i->ignore)
+				continue;
 
-		c->bucket_clock[READ].hand = le16_to_cpu(i->j.read_clock);
-		c->bucket_clock[WRITE].hand = le16_to_cpu(i->j.write_clock);
+			c->bucket_clock[READ].hand = le16_to_cpu(i->j.read_clock);
+			c->bucket_clock[WRITE].hand = le16_to_cpu(i->j.write_clock);
 
-		list_for_each_entry(i, journal, list)
 			vstruct_for_each(&i->j, entry) {
 				ret = journal_replay_entry_early(c, entry);
 				if (ret)
 					return ret;
 			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	bch2_fs_usage_initialize(c);
@@ -842,9 +804,6 @@ static int verify_superblock_clean(struct bch_fs *c,
 	struct bch_sb_field_clean *clean = *cleanp;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (!c->sb.clean || !j)
-		return 0;
-
 	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(j->seq != clean->journal_seq, c,
 			"superblock journal seq (%llu) doesn't match journal (%llu) after clean shutdown",
 			le64_to_cpu(clean->journal_seq),
@@ -971,7 +930,8 @@ int bch2_fs_recovery(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
 	const char *err = "cannot allocate memory";
 	struct bch_sb_field_clean *clean = NULL;
-	u64 journal_seq;
+	struct jset *last_journal_entry = NULL;
+	u64 blacklist_seq, journal_seq;
 	bool write_sb = false, need_write_alloc = false;
 	int ret;
 
@@ -991,24 +951,38 @@ int bch2_fs_recovery(struct bch_fs *c)
 		set_bit(BCH_FS_REBUILD_REPLICAS, &c->flags);
 	}
 
-	if (!c->sb.clean || c->opts.fsck || c->opts.keep_journal) {
-		struct jset *j;
+	ret = bch2_blacklist_table_initialize(c);
+	if (ret) {
+		bch_err(c, "error initializing blacklist table");
+		goto err;
+	}
 
-		ret = bch2_journal_read(c, &c->journal_entries);
+	if (!c->sb.clean || c->opts.fsck || c->opts.keep_journal) {
+		struct journal_replay *i;
+
+		ret = bch2_journal_read(c, &c->journal_entries,
+					&blacklist_seq, &journal_seq);
 		if (ret)
 			goto err;
 
-		if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(c->sb.clean && !journal_empty(&c->journal_entries), c,
+		list_for_each_entry_reverse(i, &c->journal_entries, list)
+			if (!i->ignore) {
+				last_journal_entry = &i->j;
+				break;
+			}
+
+		if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(c->sb.clean &&
+					last_journal_entry &&
+					!journal_entry_empty(last_journal_entry), c,
 				"filesystem marked clean but journal not empty")) {
 			c->sb.compat &= ~(1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_FEAT_ALLOC_INFO);
 			SET_BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb, false);
 			c->sb.clean = false;
 		}
 
-		if (!c->sb.clean && list_empty(&c->journal_entries)) {
-			bch_err(c, "no journal entries found");
-			ret = BCH_FSCK_REPAIR_IMPOSSIBLE;
-			goto err;
+		if (!last_journal_entry) {
+			fsck_err_on(!c->sb.clean, c, "no journal entries found");
+			goto use_clean;
 		}
 
 		c->journal_keys = journal_keys_sort(&c->journal_entries);
@@ -1017,16 +991,21 @@ int bch2_fs_recovery(struct bch_fs *c)
 			goto err;
 		}
 
-		j = &list_last_entry(&c->journal_entries,
-				     struct journal_replay, list)->j;
-
-		ret = verify_superblock_clean(c, &clean, j);
-		if (ret)
+		if (c->sb.clean && last_journal_entry) {
+			ret = verify_superblock_clean(c, &clean,
+						      last_journal_entry);
+			if (ret)
+				goto err;
+		}
+	} else {
+use_clean:
+		if (!clean) {
+			bch_err(c, "no superblock clean section found");
+			ret = BCH_FSCK_REPAIR_IMPOSSIBLE;
 			goto err;
 
-		journal_seq = le64_to_cpu(j->seq) + 1;
-	} else {
-		journal_seq = le64_to_cpu(clean->journal_seq) + 1;
+		}
+		blacklist_seq = journal_seq = le64_to_cpu(clean->journal_seq) + 1;
 	}
 
 	if (!c->sb.clean &&
@@ -1045,30 +1024,23 @@ int bch2_fs_recovery(struct bch_fs *c)
 	if (ret)
 		goto err;
 
-	if (!c->sb.clean) {
+	/*
+	 * After an unclean shutdown, skip then next few journal sequence
+	 * numbers as they may have been referenced by btree writes that
+	 * happened before their corresponding journal writes - those btree
+	 * writes need to be ignored, by skipping and blacklisting the next few
+	 * journal sequence numbers:
+	 */
+	if (!c->sb.clean)
+		journal_seq += 8;
+
+	if (blacklist_seq != journal_seq) {
 		ret = bch2_journal_seq_blacklist_add(c,
-						     journal_seq,
-						     journal_seq + 4);
+					blacklist_seq, journal_seq);
 		if (ret) {
 			bch_err(c, "error creating new journal seq blacklist entry");
 			goto err;
 		}
-
-		journal_seq += 4;
-
-		/*
-		 * The superblock needs to be written before we do any btree
-		 * node writes: it will be in the read_write() path
-		 */
-	}
-
-	ret = bch2_blacklist_table_initialize(c);
-
-	if (!list_empty(&c->journal_entries)) {
-		ret = verify_journal_entries_not_blacklisted_or_missing(c,
-							&c->journal_entries);
-		if (ret)
-			goto err;
 	}
 
 	ret = bch2_fs_journal_start(&c->journal, journal_seq,
diff --git a/libbcachefs/replicas.c b/libbcachefs/replicas.c
index 91518c0d..00a197b6 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/replicas.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/replicas.c
@@ -275,53 +275,55 @@ static void __replicas_table_update_pcpu(struct bch_fs_usage __percpu *dst_p,
 static int replicas_table_update(struct bch_fs *c,
 				 struct bch_replicas_cpu *new_r)
 {
-	struct bch_fs_usage __percpu *new_usage[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+	struct bch_fs_usage __percpu *new_usage[JOURNAL_BUF_NR];
 	struct bch_fs_usage *new_scratch = NULL;
 	struct bch_fs_usage __percpu *new_gc = NULL;
 	struct bch_fs_usage *new_base = NULL;
-	unsigned bytes = sizeof(struct bch_fs_usage) +
+	unsigned i, bytes = sizeof(struct bch_fs_usage) +
 		sizeof(u64) * new_r->nr;
-	int ret = -ENOMEM;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	memset(new_usage, 0, sizeof(new_usage));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(new_usage); i++)
+		if (!(new_usage[i] = __alloc_percpu_gfp(bytes,
+					sizeof(u64), GFP_NOIO)))
+			goto err;
 
 	if (!(new_base = kzalloc(bytes, GFP_NOIO)) ||
-	    !(new_usage[0] = __alloc_percpu_gfp(bytes, sizeof(u64),
-						GFP_NOIO)) ||
-	    !(new_usage[1] = __alloc_percpu_gfp(bytes, sizeof(u64),
-						GFP_NOIO)) ||
 	    !(new_scratch  = kmalloc(bytes, GFP_NOIO)) ||
 	    (c->usage_gc &&
-	     !(new_gc = __alloc_percpu_gfp(bytes, sizeof(u64), GFP_NOIO)))) {
-		bch_err(c, "error updating replicas table: memory allocation failure");
+	     !(new_gc = __alloc_percpu_gfp(bytes, sizeof(u64), GFP_NOIO))))
 		goto err;
-	}
 
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(new_usage); i++)
+		if (c->usage[i])
+			__replicas_table_update_pcpu(new_usage[i], new_r,
+						     c->usage[i], &c->replicas);
 	if (c->usage_base)
 		__replicas_table_update(new_base,		new_r,
 					c->usage_base,		&c->replicas);
-	if (c->usage[0])
-		__replicas_table_update_pcpu(new_usage[0],	new_r,
-					     c->usage[0],	&c->replicas);
-	if (c->usage[1])
-		__replicas_table_update_pcpu(new_usage[1],	new_r,
-					     c->usage[1],	&c->replicas);
 	if (c->usage_gc)
 		__replicas_table_update_pcpu(new_gc,		new_r,
 					     c->usage_gc,	&c->replicas);
 
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(new_usage); i++)
+		swap(c->usage[i],	new_usage[i]);
 	swap(c->usage_base,	new_base);
-	swap(c->usage[0],	new_usage[0]);
-	swap(c->usage[1],	new_usage[1]);
 	swap(c->usage_scratch,	new_scratch);
 	swap(c->usage_gc,	new_gc);
 	swap(c->replicas,	*new_r);
-	ret = 0;
-err:
+out:
 	free_percpu(new_gc);
 	kfree(new_scratch);
 	free_percpu(new_usage[1]);
 	free_percpu(new_usage[0]);
 	kfree(new_base);
 	return ret;
+err:
+	bch_err(c, "error updating replicas table: memory allocation failure");
+	ret = -ENOMEM;
+	goto out;
 }
 
 static unsigned reserve_journal_replicas(struct bch_fs *c,
@@ -496,9 +498,7 @@ int bch2_replicas_gc_end(struct bch_fs *c, int ret)
 		struct bch_replicas_cpu n;
 
 		if (!__replicas_has_entry(&c->replicas_gc, e) &&
-		    (c->usage_base->replicas[i] ||
-		     percpu_u64_get(&c->usage[0]->replicas[i]) ||
-		     percpu_u64_get(&c->usage[1]->replicas[i]))) {
+		    bch2_fs_usage_read_one(c, &c->usage_base->replicas[i])) {
 			n = cpu_replicas_add_entry(&c->replicas_gc, e);
 			if (!n.entries) {
 				ret = -ENOSPC;
@@ -603,9 +603,7 @@ retry:
 			cpu_replicas_entry(&c->replicas, i);
 
 		if (e->data_type == BCH_DATA_journal ||
-		    c->usage_base->replicas[i] ||
-		    percpu_u64_get(&c->usage[0]->replicas[i]) ||
-		    percpu_u64_get(&c->usage[1]->replicas[i]))
+		    bch2_fs_usage_read_one(c, &c->usage_base->replicas[i]))
 			memcpy(cpu_replicas_entry(&new, new.nr++),
 			       e, new.entry_size);
 	}
diff --git a/libbcachefs/super-io.c b/libbcachefs/super-io.c
index cee6cc93..abe46c53 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/super-io.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/super-io.c
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ static void write_super_endio(struct bio *bio)
 
 	/* XXX: return errors directly */
 
-	if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "superblock write: %s",
+	if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "superblock write error: %s",
 			       bch2_blk_status_to_str(bio->bi_status)))
 		ca->sb_write_error = 1;
 
@@ -995,10 +995,10 @@ bch2_journal_super_entries_add_common(struct bch_fs *c,
 	percpu_down_write(&c->mark_lock);
 
 	if (!journal_seq) {
-		bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, 0);
-		bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, 1);
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(c->usage); i++)
+			bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, i);
 	} else {
-		bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, journal_seq & 1);
+		bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, journal_seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
 	}
 
 	{
diff --git a/libbcachefs/super.c b/libbcachefs/super.c
index e3bbd0b0..651fbc5d 100644
--- a/libbcachefs/super.c
+++ b/libbcachefs/super.c
@@ -475,8 +475,8 @@ static void __bch2_fs_free(struct bch_fs *c)
 	bch2_journal_entries_free(&c->journal_entries);
 	percpu_free_rwsem(&c->mark_lock);
 	kfree(c->usage_scratch);
-	free_percpu(c->usage[1]);
-	free_percpu(c->usage[0]);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(c->usage); i++)
+		free_percpu(c->usage[i]);
 	kfree(c->usage_base);
 
 	if (c->btree_iters_bufs)
@@ -716,6 +716,8 @@ static struct bch_fs *bch2_fs_alloc(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_opts opts)
 
 	bch2_fs_btree_cache_init_early(&c->btree_cache);
 
+	mutex_init(&c->sectors_available_lock);
+
 	if (percpu_init_rwsem(&c->mark_lock))
 		goto err;